Dynamics release

Aspen Dynamics, release 12, Aspen Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA... 

Frawley LS (1994) Role of the hypophyseal neurointermediate lobe in the dynamic release of prolactin. Trends Endocrinol Metab 5 107-112. 

Fig. 12.26 Dynamic release profiles for glucose into phosphate buffered saline from phytantriol + 3 % vitamin E acetate with changing temperature, plotted against the square root of time (data are mean S.D., n = 3). Temperature was switched from 30 °C - 40 °C 30 °C at the times indicated by the dashed lines (a) and from 40 °C 30 °C -> 40 °C (b). (Taken from [55])...

Dynamic task allocation, on the other hand, makes decisions based on real-time information and is therefore more adaptive to changes. This chapter assumes a set of dynamically released tasks to be completed by a team of robots, and the conditions of the work process keep changing during task execution. This kind of dynamic working environment is ubiquitous in real-life applications, such as exploring and mapping by robots in unknown environments, unexpected adversarial targets in combats, stochastic pickups and delivery transport services, etc. [5]. 

Single-item auctioning is simple yet commonly used to offer one task at a time [10]. Combinatorial auctioning, on the other hand, is more complex in that multiple tasks are offered and participants can bid on any combination of these tasks. Since the number of combinations to be considered increases exponentially, auction administration, such as bid valuation, communication, and auction clearing, would soon become intractable [5]. Therefore, sequential single-item auctimi is a practicable approach when tasks are dynamically released, and is adopted in this chapter. 

DYNAMIC RELEASE OF RIBOFLAVIN FROM A COLON-TARGETED DELIVERY DEVICE AN IN VITRO STUDY... 

Ihe quest for interactive or bioactive dental restorative materials is not a totally new endeavor in dental materials. For example, as a general concept, glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been endorsed as a bioactive material because of their dynamic release of fluoride, as well as their unique mineral-based poly-salt matrix composition that is claimed to also contribute to the ability to remineralize calcium-depleted tooth structure. The continuous release of fluoride by GICs and resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) has also been positioned as a potential mechanism to delay or inhibit secondary caries at teeth restored with these materials at the margins of the restorations [47,48]. 

FIGURE 6.3 The influence of carboxymethylceUnlose addition on the equilibrium headspace concentration (top) or dynamic release (middle) of aroma compounds from aqueous solution. Bottom effect of adding oil on dynamic release of aroma compounds from aqueous solution. (From De Roos, K.B., Food TechnoL, 51(1), p. 60, 1997. With permission.)... 

The broad diversity in functionality of carbohydrates also offers substantial opportunity for than to influence the mass transport of flavorants. Their ability to form gels, impart viscosity, or promote emulsion formation in food systems are all factors that influence mass transport (dynamic release during eating) of odorants during eating. This section of this chapter will provide an overview of how carbohydrates will influence flavor release from foods. Discussion is organized by carbohydrate type. 

J Bakker, N Boudaud, M Harrison. Dynamic release of diacetyl from liquid gelatine in the headspace. J Agric Food Chem 46 2714-2720, 1998. 

Zigmond, 1988). The ATP-hydrolysis that accompanies actin polymerization, ATP —> ADP + Pj, and the subsequent release of the cleaved phosphate (Pj) are believed to act as a clock (Pollard et ah, 1992 Allen et ah, 1996), altering in a time-dependent manner the mechanical properties of the filament and its propensity to depolymerize. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested a so-called back door mechanism for the hydrolysis reaction ATP ADP - - Pj in which ATP enters the actin from one side, ADP leaves from the same side, but Pj leaves from the opposite side, the back door (Wriggers and Schulten, 1997b). This hypothesis can explain the effect of the toxin phalloidin which blocks the exit of the putative back door pathway and, thereby, delays Pi release as observed experimentally (Dancker and Hess, 1990). 

Wriggers and Schulten, 1998] Wriggers, W., and Schulten, K. Investigating a back door mechanism of actin phosphate release by steered molecular dynamics. Biophys. J. Submitted. 

The molecular dynamics analyzes times steps, also called snapshots (coordinates and velocities), for display, averaging, and plotting (possibly from other applications). In the present release of HyperChem, two particular sources are relevant (the DDE interface allows the possibility of other generators of snapshots as well). The first source are time steps that are computed, displayed, and averaged. This is the normal real-time use of HyperChem molecular dyn amics. 

Adsorption is a dynamic process in which some adsorbate molecules are transferring from the fluid phase onto the solid surface, while others are releasing from the surface back into the fluid. When the rate of these two processes becomes equal, adsorption equilibrium has been established. The equilibrium relationship between a speeific adsorbate and adsorbent is usually defined in terms of an adsorption isotherm, which expresses the amount of adsorbate adsorbed as a fimetion of the gas phase coneentration, at a eonstant temperature. 

The MYD analysis assumes that the atoms do not move as a result of the interaetion potential. The eonsequenees of this assumption have recently been examined by Quesnel and coworkers [50-55], who used molecular dynamic modeling techniques to simulate the adhesion and release of 2-dimensional particles from 2-D substrates. Specifically, both the Quesnel and MYD models assume that the atoms in the different materials interact via a Lennard-Jones potential

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Based on the arguments presented thus far, it would seem that, for a given PSA, the work of adhesion, and thus the peel force, should decrease systematically as the surface energy of the release coating is decreased. Therefore, fluorochemical containing polymers should provide the lowest release forces. In practice, these generalities often do not hold, due to other factors, such as interfacial dynamics and rheological considerations. 

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