Duration Results

Aggregate data Table 3.2 revisited. While the most credible information on claim duration comes from the analysis of individual claim durations in Tables 3.3 and 3. 4, the middle and right columns in Table 3.2 provide some alternative estimates on how HRM policies affect claim duration. The middle column of Table 3. 2 corresponds most closely to the expected cost analysis given in Table 3. 6, below, but is not always consistent with those results increases in Employee Participation in Decision Making, Employee Participation in Financial Returns, and Management Safety Culture reduce expected losses, as they do in 

We generally find statistically significant effects, of the expected sign, in the duration models. While we do not report the estimated shape parameters of the Weibull distribution in Tables 3.4 or 3.5, they indicate negative duration dependence as claim duration increases, the rate of exit from claimant status falls. Hence, the longer a claimant stays on a workers compensation claim, the less likely he is to leave it. 

NwsPELL Duration of nonwork spell days of temporary total disability benefits paid 

DENIAL A dummy variable coded 1 if claim was denied for liability by insurer, 

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The other two aspects of exposure are frequency and duration. Frequency can refer not only to the number of times the exposure occurred, but also to the time between exposures. For example, drinking four beers within 15 minutes is quite different from drinking four beers in four days. Frequent exposure of a short duration results in rapidly elevated blood levels of any agent (assuming it s absorbed). Two quick cups of coffee in the morning serve to elevate blood caffeine levels, whereas slowly sipping a cup of coffee will not have the desired stimulator effect. It takes approximately 30 minutes to absorb the caffeine from a cup of coffee and reach your peak blood caffeine levels. The harmful or toxic effects of an agent are often dependent on the frequency of exposure and the time between exposures. 

This was first achieved by the Teramobile system [14]. The laser itself is based on the chirped pulse amplification (CPA) technique [33,34], with a Ti Sapphire oscillator and a Nd YAG pumped Ti Sapphire amplification chain. It provides 350 mJ pulses with 70 fs duration resulting in a peak power of 5 TW at a wavelength around 800 nm, with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Its integration in the reduced space of the mobile laboratory required a particularly compact design (Fig. 14.6). The classical compressor set-up has been improved into a chirp generator to pre-compensate the group velocity dispersion (GVD) in air. Combined with an adjustable focus, this permits to... 

Combining these two pioneer drugs, namely 1 for its efficacy and 2 for its ultra-short duration, resulted in the double ABDD target compound 3. By analogy to procaine, it was anticipated that metabolic hydrolysis of the ester within 3 would fragment the requisite beta-blocker pharmacophore (see Chapter 11-8) and thus rapidly deactivate such compounds. This unique, ABDD-related situation is depicted in Scheme 9.2. 

The earlier findings, that increasing ischemic duration resulted in a parallel increase in the total and the free fraction of iron [10,11] were reconfirmed here. The marked suppression of iron levels in the CFF by the PC process showed that both ischemia and PC had affected, in opposite directions, the level of free iron in the system. Prolonged ischemia followed by reperfusion triggered a prominent increase in the level of free iron, whereas PC seems to have grossly inhibited this effect. The pool of free cytosolic iron, in mammalian cells, is controlled predominantly by ferritin. This multimeric protein incorporates and stores excessive free iron, functioning as an iron scavenger [36-38]. 

Apnea of variable duration results from muscle paralysis. The return of spontaneous respiration is normally rapid, but it may be delayed if phase II block develops. This will only be of consequence if it is not detected and spontaneous respiration is permitted before it is adequate. Exacerbation of muscle weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy after injection of suxamethonium can lead to delayed respiratory failure postoperatively (29). 

Direct excitation of retinal (146) to the 3 A state was studied by nonreso-nant TP excitation at 490 nm using laser pulses with an energy of 8.5 mJ and 5 ns pulse duration, resulting in formation of the 13-cis isomer as the main component and the 11,13-bis di-isomer as by-product [222]. The relative speed of TP induced isomerization depends on the geometry of the isomer (ail-trans > 1-cis 9-cis 11 -cis 13-cis > 11,13-bis cis). This was different from OP excitation. 

System size is based on 8 months of production bum time. This is 5840 operating hours. Dividing the tonnage (1.5 x 40,000 yards) by this value results in a feed rate of 10 tons per hour (tph). Applying a 65% capacity utilization (to account for forced and plaimed outages) for this project duration results in a capacity of 16 tph. 

It is known that shock wave parameters namely peak pressure (strain rate) and pulse duration result in an increase in the mechanical properties of metals. Increasing the peak pressure results in increasing both the plastic strain and strain rate. Murr and Wilsdorf [37] observed that the dislocation density varies as a square root of the applied pressure. The result of the calculated dislocation density histories carried out at different strain rates reveals that the saturated dislocation density and the rate of dislocation multiplication increase with strain rate as illustrated in Fig 11. 

Exposure Concentration Exposure Duration Results Reference... 

Increases in alkaline phosphatase activity in liver disea.se are the result of increased synthesis of the en/yme by cells lining the bile canaliculi. usually in response to cholestasis, which may be either intra- or extra-hepatic. Cholestasis, even of short duration, results in an increased en/yme activity to at least twice the upper end of the reference interval. High alkaline phosphatase activity may also occur in inllltrativediseusesof the liver, w hen space occupying lesions (e.g. tumours) are present. It also occurs in cirrhosis. 

ERP includes both the action potential duration and the time for membrane repolarization and stimulus to threshold. Mexiletine, by blocking fast sodium channels, blunts the amplitude of the cardiac action potential (phase 0 is decreased). The decrease in sodium influx and decrease in phase 0 amplitude results in a lower membrane potential as the action potential enters phase 2 and 3. This results in the membrane potential, at the end of phase 0. being closer to the membrane potential for potassium and calcium, so the influx of these ions is of shorter duration, resulting in a decrease in the length of phase 1 and 2 and a steeper slope of phase 3 repolarization. Phase 4, however, is lengthened, and the rate of rise decreased, with the decrease in the rate of sodium influx. Thus, the cardiac membrane remains relatively refractory. even after repolarization, and the ratio of the ERP to the action potential duration increases. 

RTP by light pulses of millisecond duration resulted in the slight shift of the diffraction peaks from PS further to the left (a slight expansion the lattice parameter) while RTP by light pulses of second duration led to the considerable shift of the diffraction peaks fi om PS much far to the left (Fig. 1). In the latter case, the longer is the RTP time, the more considerable is the shift. 

Fentanyl [437-38-7] (Subhmaze, Leptanal), C22H2gN20, (9) has been extensively used since its introduction into clinical practice in the 1960s (119). Because of its potency, which is 50—100 times that of morphine, a rapid onset of action and a short duration, its use as an iv anesthetic is widespread The short duration results from redistribution from the brain to other tissues, rather than elimination. It does, however, have the usual opiate disadvantages respiratory depression, chest wall rigidity, nausea, and bradycardia. Fentanyl has an extremely wide therapeutic ratio. The size of the dose influences its duration of action which, after iv administration, may last from approximately 30 min to 2 to 3 h (120,121). In cardiac surgery fentanji is administered in very laige doses to produce profound analgesia and suppress cardiovascular reflex responses. This technique is particulady useful for patients with compromised circulation where any increase in cardiac demand could precipitate myocardial ischemia (122). 

Further investigations of P700 and cytochrome / (Cyt f) in chloroplasts have been carried out by Witt and co-workers. > It was found that both P700 and Cyt / are oxidized by illumination (reversibly at room temperature and irreversibly at 120°K). A brief flash of light of about 10 sec duration results in a bleaching at 705 nm that decays in about 10" sec. Appearance of absorption due to oxidized Cyt / does not occur immediately upon flashing but instead parallels the decay of the Pioo reaction. Thus it appears that the excited P oo transfers an electron to an acceptor (x) and an electron is subsequently returned to P oo from Cyt / ... 

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