Dual induction

Figure 4-294 shows a set of resistivity logs run in a sand-shale sequence of the Gulf Coast. We have one wireline dual induction log, one MWD resistivity log, a wiper-MWD resistivity log and one gamma ray log. 

Figure 4-301 shows sample neutron-density Pe log over the same interval. Figure 4-302 shows sample MWD resistivity (left) and wireline dual induction (right) for the same interval. 

Since the deep and shallow curve of the MWD log and the deep, shallow and guard (laterolog) of the wireline log shows a departure, the zone 2274-2356 ft is invaded, consequently permeable. Using the dual induction chart of Figure 4-304, we can plot the point at 2290 ft ... 

Figure 4-304. Resistivities and invasion determination with the Dual Induction log (DIL ) and the laterolog-8. Courtesy Schlumberger.) ( trade mark of Schlumberger.)...

Dual induction In the shallow penetration log, a higher resistivity is obtained relative to a free gas zone due to hydrate dissociation. This is a very tricky interpretation problem with Rw changing, and gas and hydrate both being insulators. The deep induction log shows high resistivity and mimics an ice-bearing reservoir. However, this log is confounded by Rw changing, and by gas and hydrate both being insulators... 

These effects can be attributed mainly to the inductive nature of the chlorine atoms, which reduces the electron density at position 4 and increases polarization of the 3,4-double bond. The dual reactivity of the chloropteridines has been further confirmed by the preparation of new adducts and substitution products. The addition reaction competes successfully, in a preparative sense, with the substitution reaction, if the latter is slowed down by a low temperature and a non-polar solvent. Compounds (12) and (13) react with dry ammonia in benzene at 5 °C to yield the 3,4-adducts (IS), which were shown by IR spectroscopy to contain little or none of the corresponding substitution product. The adducts decompose slowly in air and almost instantaneously in water or ethanol to give the original chloropteridine and ammonia. Certain other amines behave similarly, forming adducts which can be stored for a few days at -20 °C. Treatment of (12) and (13) in acetone with hydrogen sulfide or toluene-a-thiol gives adducts of the same type. 

Figure 4-276. Comparison of the compensated dual-resistivity log resistivities run while drilling to the invaded and noninvaded resistivities calculated with wireline phasor induction data. The spurt loss is the ratio R /R (Courtesy Anadrill [tt3].)...

Figure 4-294. Comparison of compensated dual-resistivity logs run while drilling and in a wiper pass with the wireline induction logs. (Courtesy Anadrill [113]. ...

In animal studies, mirex (a nonmutagenic hepatocarcinogen) promoted mouse skin squamous carcinomas and papillomas after initiation with 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 1 week. Mirex, also, potentiated the promotional potency of the phorbol ester tumor promoter, 12-0 -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). There was a 90% incidence (activation) of the c-Ha-ras tumor gene in these co-promoted tumors. When both mirex and TPA gave a similar tumor yield, only the TPA response was associated with biochemical markers of enhanced cell proliferation, induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and increased DNA synthesis, and hyperplasia. Thus, there is evidence for a dual effect of mirex during co-promotion first, as an independent tumor promoter with a mechanism different than that of phorbol esters and second, as a compound that also potentiates skin tumor promotion by TPA (Meyer et al. 1993, 1994 Moser et al. 1992, 1993). 

The most fruitful treatment of the electronic effects of ozt/zo-substituents involves the use of the same cr/ and correlation analysis for meta- and para-substituents by means of the dual substituent-parameter equation 91 or the extended Hammett equation 95 (Section II.B). Obviously it is a considerable assumption that these are valid for ort/zo-substituents and the implication is that in the correlation analysis any peculiarities may be adequately expressed through the coefficients of the inductive and resonance terms. Really satisfactory correlation analysis for any given reaction system requires a large amount of data and can only rarely be accomplished. 

Topsom, 1976) and to treat them separately. In this review we will be concerned solely with polar or electronic substituent effects. Although it is possible to define a number of different electronic effects (field effects, CT-inductive effects, jt-inductive effects, Jt-field effects, resonance effects), it is customary to use a dual substituent parameter scale, in which one parameter describes the polarity of a substituent and the other the charge transfer (resonance) (Topsom, 1976). In terms of molecular orbital theory, particularly in the form of perturbation theory, this corresponds to a separate evaluation of charge (inductive) and overlap (resonance) effects. This is reflected in the Klopman-Salem theory (Devaquet and Salem, 1969 Klop-man, 1968 Salem, 1968) and in our theory (Sustmann and Binsch, 1971, 1972 Sustmann and Vahrenholt, 1973). A related treatment of substituent effects has been proposed by Godfrey (Duerden and Godfrey, 1980). 

Takakura, K. Ishikawa, M. Ito, T. Action spectrum for the induction of single-strand breaks in DNA in buffered aqueous solution in the wavelength range from 150 to 272 nm dual mechanism. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1987, 52 (5), 667-675. 

Chemical composition of fresh HTs was determined in a Perkin Elmer Mod. OPTIMA 3200 Dual Vision by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The crystalline structure of the solids was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Siemens D-500 diffractometer equipped with a CuKa radiation source. The average crystal sizes were calculated from the (003) and (110) reflections employing the Debye-Scherrer equation. Textural properties of calcined HTs (at 500°C/4h) were analyzed by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms on an AUTOSORB-I, prior to analysis the samples were outgassed in vacuum (10 Torr) at 300°C for 5 h. The specific surface areas were calculated by using the Brunauer-... 

Figure 14.16 (a) Circular Dual-Dee induction coil used in early work on the continuous dieless forming process, (b) Addition of ferrite flux concentrator to Dual-Dee coil, (c) Temperature patterns generated in a Gr/PEEK laminate by the circular Dual-Dee coil with ferrite flux concentrator. The coil end was located at various distances from the laminate edge. No one position produced a uniform temperature profile... 

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