Drying processes, water-soluble powders formulation

Both carmine and cochineal extract are made from the dried female insect, Dactylopius coccus costa, commonly known as cochineal. The cochineal live on specific cacti and the main prodnction is in Pern, bnt cochineal are also produced in Chile, Bolivia and the Canary Islands. There are nsnally two harvests per year, where the cochineal are removed mannally with snitable tools from leaves of the cacti. Following harvest the insects are snn dried before further processing. The cochineal insects are extracted nsing an aqueous alkaline solution. The resnlting cochineal extract can either be formulated to different cochineal products in powder or liquid form or further processed to carmine. Cochineal products are water-soluble and orange in low pH applications. The colour intensity is relatively low. 

Enhanced water solubility of dried products, which could foster the powder formulation process, as well as enhance oral assimilation of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical powdery products... 

Though povidone is used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, it is primarily used in solid-dosage forms. In tableting, povidone solutions are used as binders in wet-granulation processes. Povidone is also added to powder blends in the dry form and granulated in situ by the addition of water, alcohol, or hydroalcoholic solutions. Povidone is used as a solubilizer in oral and parenteral formulations, and has been shown to enhance dissolution of poorly soluble drugs from solid-dosage forms. 

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