Drugs, response atropine

Some of the drugs responsible are amitriptyline, amoxapine, atropine, benztropine, biperiden, didinium, cyclobenzaprine, desipramine, doxepin, hyoscyamine, imipramine, lorazepam, maprotiline, nortriptyline, protriptyline, propantheline, scopolamine, trimipramine. Some herbals that can elicit the anticholinergic syndrome are black henbane, deadly nightshade, Devil s apple, Jimson weed, Loco seeds or weeds, Matrimony vine, night blooming jessamine, stinkweed. 

In this paper an attempt has been made to study the effect of 3 anticholinergic drugs, namely, atropine, hyoscine and N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate, on the EEG and on auditory evoked potentials in cats subjected to different environmental conditions and trained to a conditioned avoidance response. The effects of these drugs have been compared with effects produced by LSD-25 and chlorpromazine. 

Muscarinic agonists are administered subcutaneously to achieve an acute response and orally to treat more chronic conditions. Should serious toxic reactions to these drugs arise, atropine sulfate (0.5—1 mg in adults) should be given subcutaneously or intravenously. Epinephrine (0.3—1 mg, subcutaneously or intramuscularly) also is of value in overcoming severe cardiovascular or bron-choconstrictor responses. 

The answer is a. (Hardman, p 224.) Epinephrine is the drug of choice to relieve the symptoms of an acute, systemic, immediate hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen (anaphylactic shock). Subcutaneous administration of a 1 1000 solution of epinephrine rapidly relieves itching and urticaria, and this may save the life of the patient when laryngeal edema and bronchospasm threaten suffocation and severe hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias become life-endangering. Norepinephrine, isoproterenol, and atropine are ineffective therapies Angioedema is responsive to antihis-... 

B. Phenylephrine is an aj-selective agonist. It causes an increase in peripheral vascular resistance. The major cardiovascular response to this drug is a rise in blood pressure associated with reflex bradycardia. The slowing of the heart rate is blocked by atropine. 

Even low doses of scopolamine have central effects. Sedation, amnesia, and drowsiness are common during the clinical use of this drug. Large doses of scopolamine can produce all of the responses seen with atropine. Other tertiary amine compounds with muscarinic receptor blocking activity have similar central effects. 

Antimuscarinic drugs block contraction of the iris sphincter and ciliary muscles of the eye produced by ACh. This results in dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) and paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia), responses that cause photophobia and inability to focus on nearby objects. Ocular effects are produced only after higher parenteral doses. Atropine and scopolamine produce responses lasting several days when applied directly to the eyes. 

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