Drugs pseudoephedrine

Actifed is a medicinal preparation in which the effective components are the two drugs pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride. The absorption spectrum of Actifed tablets dissolved in 0.1M hydrochloric acid is similar to that shown in Fig. 17.14(a) which is clearly of no value for quantitative determinations. A second derivative spectrum however is similar in character to that shown in Fig. 17.14(6) in which peak C corresponds to the pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and D to the triprolidine hydrochloride and from which it is possible to make quantitative measurements. Experience showed that it is advisable to use different response times for the two peaks with the instrument used a response setting of 3 was found to give the best results for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, whilst a setting of 4 was best for the triprolidine hydrochloride. 

This system is the only osmotic system developed commercially at this time that is suitable for the oral administration of insoluble drugs to humans. It has been utilized in the development of several other drugs including isradipine, doxazosin, diltiazem, contraceptive steroids, glipizide, and verapamil [48-53], The system has also been utilized to codeliver the free bases of compounds normally administered as water-soluble salts such as pseudoephedrine and bromo-pheniramine [54], The latter system includes both a loading dose and a controlled release dose and is intended for applications in the over-the-counter market. 

Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride can be considered a stable compound in bulk and in formulations. After 4-weeks under fluorescent lights (2400 ft. candles) and ultraviolet light (190 pw/cm2) no discoloration or chemical degradation was observed. The bulk drug was stable for at least 6 months at 37°C and 3 months at 50°C. Tablet and syrup formulations stored at 15-30°C for 5 years showed no appreciable degradation. 13... 

Methamphetamine is synthesized, or cooked, by a simple chemical reaction from its precursor pseudoephedrine (Figure 2.3), a stimulant commonly found in over-the-counter allergy and cold medications (such as Sudafed ). Because methamphetamine is made relatively easily from pseudoephedrine, many pharmacies and drug stores now restrict the amount of pseudoephedrine-containing medications that individual customers can buy to avoid the possibility of stockpiling pseudoephedrine for the purpose of making methamphetamine. Meth dealers and makers in the United States have also been... 

Tongjaroenbuangam W, Meksuriyen D, Govitrapong P, Kotchabhakdi N, Baldwin BA. (1998). Drug discrimination analysis of pseudoephedrine in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 59(2) 505-10. 

The tables include data on domestic seizures and on seizures effected at the point of entry or exit. They do not include reported seizures of substances where it is known that they were not intended for the illicit manufacture of drugs (for example, seizures effected because of administrative shortcomings, or seizures of ephedrine/pseudoephedrine preparations to be used as stimulants). Stopped shipments are also not included. The information may include data not submitted by Governments on form D. 

Hypertension Hypertensive patients should use these products only with medical advice, as they may experience a change in blood pressure because of the added vasoconstriction. Studies suggest pseudoephedrine is the drug of choice. Sustained-action preparations may affect the cardiovascular system to a lesser degree. 

A positive screening test result for amphetamines may be due to use of amphetamine or methamphetamine-containing prescription or over-the-counter drugs. For example, the drug Selegiline, which is used to treat Parkinson s disease, is metabolized to amphetamine and methamphetamine. The nasal decongestant pseudoephedrine can cross-react in the test and result in a false positive. In the latter case, the confirmatory test is for amphetamine. 

It is excreted in breast milk at concentration constantly higher than those in maternal plasma. The elimination of pseudoephedrine is reduced in renal impairment. Hepatic dysfunction is unlikely to affect the pharmacokinetics of the drug. 

Stimulant drugs commonly abused in the USA include methamphetamine ("crank," "crystal"), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"), and cocaine ("crack") as well as pharmaceuticals such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and ephedrine (as such and in the herbal agent Ma-huang) (see Chapter 32). Caffeine is often added to dietary supplements sold as "metabolic enhancers" or "fat-burners" and is also sometimes combined with pseudoephedrine in underground pills sold as amphetamine substitutes. 

OFFICIAL NAMES Ephedra, Ephedra sinica STREET NAMES Mahuang, ma huang, desert tea, Mormon tea, American ephedra, European ephedra, Pakistani ephedra, ephedrine, ephedrine alkaloids, pseudoephedrine DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS Not scheduled, dietary supplement... 

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