Drug patterns

Apart from analyzing molecular property ranges of oral drugs, pattern-recognition methods for predicting dmg-likeness have been used to extract features from... 

Patromte [12188-60-2] Patterned drug delivery Pattern recognition... 

Insulin and Amylin. Insulin is a member of a family of related peptides, the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), including IGF-I and IGF-II (60) and amylin (75), a 37-amino acid peptide that mimics the secretory pattern of insulin. Amylin is deficient ia type 1 diabetes meUitus but is elevated ia hyperinsulinemic states such as insulin resistance, mild glucose iatolerance, and hypertension (33). Insulin is synthesized ia pancreatic P cells from proinsulin, giving rise to the two peptide chains, 4. and B, of the insulin molecule. IGF-I and IGF-II have stmctures that are homologous to that of proinsulin (see INSULIN AND OTHER ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS). 

Changing the substitution pattern on the benzimidazole greatly alters the biologic activity. Thus, inclusion of a thia-zole ring affords thiabendazole (70), a drug used for the treatment of helminthiasis. 

The ergolines have provided a number of drugs that show interaction with neurotransmitters. Depending on the substitution pattern, they may be dopamine agonists or antagonists, a-adrenergic blockers, or Inhibitors of the release of prolactin. A recent member of the series, pergolide... 

If the entry of a molecule into the body were simply a temporally restricted absorption process, then a steady-state concentration would be achieved given enough time for complete absorption. However, what in fact is observed in drug pharmacokinetics is a complex curve reflecting absorption of the drug into the body and the diminution of the concentration that is absorbed back down to negligible levels. The reason for this complex pattern of rise and fall in... 

Antiarrhythmic drugs are substances that affect cardiac ionic channels or receptors, thereby altering the cardiac action potential or its generation or propagation. This results in changes of the spread of activation or the pattern of repolarization. Thereby, these drugs suppress cardiac arrhythmia. 

Drug-Receptor Interaction. Figure 2 Relationships between affinity and efficacy with different agonist response patterns, (a) For partial agonists, differences in maximal responses between agonists relate to differences in efficacy. Differences in the location parameter of the concentration-response curve (potency) indicate differences in affinity, (b) For full agonists, differences in potency indicate differences in either affinity, efficacy or both. 

Several classes of drugs modulate the firing rates or patterns of midbrain dopamine neurons by direct, monosynaptic, or indirect, polysynaptic, inputs to the cell bodies within the ventral mesencephalon (i.e., nicotine and opiates). In contrast, amphetamine, cocaine, and methylphenidate act at the level of the dopamine terminal interfering with normal processes of transmitter packaging, release, reuptake, and metabolism. 

Zero-order kinetics describe the time course of disappearance of drugs from the plasma, which do not follow an exponential pattern, but are initially linear (i.e. the drug is removed at a constant rate that is independent of its concentration in the plasma). This rare time course of elimination is most often caused by saturation of the elimination processes (e.g. a metabolizing enzyme), which occurs even at low drug concentrations. Ethanol or phenytoin are examples of drugs, which are eliminated in a time-dependent manner which follows a zero-order kinetic. 

D Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to adverse reactions (insomnia, nervousness) to the drug... 

D Risk for Injury related to sedative or hypnotic effects ot drug Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to adverse drug effects... 

ANALEPTICS. When a CNS stimulant is prescribed for respiratory depression, initial patient assessments will include the blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate. It is important to note the depth of the respirations and any pattern to the respiratory rate, such as shallow respirations or alternating deep and shallow respirations. The nurse reviews recent laboratory tests (if any), such as arterial blood gas studies. Before administering the drug, the nurse ensures that the patient has a patent airway. Oxygen is usually administered before, during, and after drug administration. 

ANALEPTICS. After administration of an analeptic, the nurse carefully monitors the patient s respiratory rate and pattern until the respirations return to normal. The nurse monitors the level of consciousness, the blood pressure and pulse rate at 5- to 15-minute intervals or as ordered by the primary health care provider. The nurse may draw blood for arterial blood gas analysis at intervals to determine the effectiveness of the analeptic, as well as the need for additional drug therapy. It is... 

Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to depression, adverse drug reactions (eg, excessive drowsiness)... 

Risk for Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to congestion, excessive secretions, rebound efted ot drug... 

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