Drug delivery modes

It is also fruitful to look at the ways that an ogous medical devices function. Is there an equivalent functionality that has been used in a different medical problem One example of this is access ports that might function for feeding in one instance, as a drug delivery mode in another, and as a monitoring channel in a third. All have similar problems to overcome. Surgical instruments can provide many examples of devices that are variations of previous designs. 

Y Yumiko, RD Roberts, VJ Stella. Low-melting phenytoin prodrugs as alternative oral delivery modes for phenytoin A model for other high-melting sparingly water-soluble drugs. J Pharm Sci 72(4) 400-405, 1983. 

Y. Yamaoka, R. D. Roberts, J. V. Stella, Low-Melting Phenytoin Prodrugs as Alternative Oral Delivery Modes for Phenytoin A Model for Other High-Melting Sparingly Water-Soluble Drugs , J. Pharm. Sci. 1983, 72, 400 - 405. 

In recent years, drug delivery technologies have grown extensively that go beyond conventional oral dosage forms. For example, intravenous, transdermal, and implant technologies are widely used for sustained drug delivery over increased periods of time. The type of drug, its characteristics, and the intended indication determine the mode of delivery. 

Other Modes of Drug Delivery Including Some Which Are Experimental and Promising... 

HIV spreads by contact with body fluids, and the common modes of infection include sexual intercourse and contaminated needles used for intravenous drug delivery. Previously, therapeutic use of infected blood and infected breast milk for the baby were also modes of transmission but both have declined due to better screening for blood and AIDS education of expectant mothers. The virus is carried in infected CD4+ T cells, macrophages or as free viruses in blood, semen, vaginal fluids and milk. 

Their mode of appearance in the lumen of the intestine is rather complicated and involves activation of trypsinogen secretion by enterokinase. Once trypsin is formed it activates chymotrypsinogen. Pancreatic lipase is also secreted into the lumen with the pancreatic fluid. The digestion process of fatty acids by their lipase-mediated hydrolysis is completed by bile salts, which are also secreted in the duodenum and are crucial for micellization of lipophilic compounds. The micelles formed in the duodenum enable the absorption of hydro-phobic drugs such as steroids. They pose, however, a serious constraint for the stability of drug delivery carriers such as liposomes and emulsions. 

Enhancement in Drug Delivery offers an easily accessible and reliable compendium on absorption enhancers and modes for promoting absorption. It presents both the basics of administration and methods for delivery enhancement, including critical information on effectiveness and levels of toxicity. Drawing from a number of disciplines to provide a much-needed guide to current practices, this essential reference—... 

Enhancement in drug delivery and absorption via a specific route of administration often becomes essential in the design of novel pharmaceutical products and new therapies. On the one hand, biotechnological therapeutic molecules usually require enhancers for their successful administration by noninjectable modes alternatively, for the more efficient delivery of conventional drugs, other routes that overcome the disadvantages of traditional administration may also require additional augmentation. 

Hickey, P. L. Powder injection A novel mode of drug delivery opening the way for new modes of therapy. Drug Del Syst. Sci. 1 25-29, 2001. 

M. Hill, Effect of delivery mode on pharmacokinetics of inhaled drugs Experience with beclomethasone, Respiratory Drug Delivery VI. (R. Dalby, P. Byron, and S. J. Farr, eds.), Interpharm Press, Englewood, CO, 1998, p. 53. 

De Scheerder I, Xianshun Liu, Chevalier B, LeClerc G, Colias A. Batimastat mode of action, preclinical and clinical studies. In Camenzind E, De Scheerder I, eds. Local Drug Delivery for Coronary Artery Disease. London and New York Taylor Francis, 2005 483-498. 

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