Chemically controlled drug delivery

Bodor, N., and Loftsson,T. (1987), Novel chemical approaches for sustained drug delivery, in Controlled Drug Delivery Fundamentals and Applications, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 337-369. 

Modification of natural polysaccharides through various graft copolymerization techniques is discussed in this chapter. Characterization of graft copolymers using different techniques like FT-IR, C-NMR, SEM, XRD, TGA, DTA and DTG along with their physical, chemical and mechanical properties are discussed as a function of different reaction conditions of their synthesis. Applications for modified polysaccharides include drug delivery devices, controlled release of fungicides, selective water absorption from oil-water emulsions and purification of water. 

Yin, J. Cui, Y. Yang, G. Wang H. (2010). Molecularly imprinted nanotubes for enantioselective drug delivery and controlled release. Chemical Communications, 46, 7688-7690. 

F. Lince, S. Bolognesi, B. Stella, D.L. Marchisio, and F. Dosio, Preparation of polymer nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin for controlled drug delivery. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 89 (11), 2410-2419, 2011. 

Microelectronic circuits for communications. Controlled permeability films for drug delivery systems. Protein-specific sensors for the monitoring of biochemical processes. Catalysts for the production of fuels and chemicals. Optical coatings for window glass. Electrodes for batteries and fuel cells. Corrosion-resistant coatings for the protection of metals and ceramics. Surface active agents, or surfactants, for use in tertiary oil recovery and the production of polymers, paper, textiles, agricultural chemicals, and cement. 

These discoveries generated a lot of effort over the successive 25 years in the preparation of especially designed drug delivery systems for the controlled release of radioactive progesterone [654], colchicine [656], naproxen [657,673, 674], mitomycin C [675-677], inulin [678], trimethoprin [657], succinylsul-fathiazole [657], ethacrynic acid [653], and steroids [633], regardless of whether these drugs are physically trapped in polyphosphazene matrices, or chemically bonded to the polymer skeleton. 

Chemical structure of monomers and intermediates was confirmed by FT-IR and FT-NMR. Molecular weight distribution of polymers was assessed by GPC and intrinsic viscosity. The thermal property was examined by differential scanning calorimetry. The hydrolytic stability of the polymers was studied under in vitro conditions. With controlled drug delivery as one of the biomedical applications in mind, release studies of 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate from two of these polymers were also conducted. 

V. J. Stella, T. J. Mikkelson, and J. D. Pipkin, Pro-drugs The control of drug delivery via bioreversible chemical modification, in Drug Delivery Systems Characteristics and Biomedical Applications (R. L. Ju-liano, ed.), Oxford University Press, New York, 1980,... 

YH Bae. Stimuli-sensitive drug delivery. In K Park, ed. Controlled Drug Delivery Challenges and Strategies. Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 1997, pp 147-162. 

AJ Grodzinsky, PE Grimshaw. Electrically and chemically controlled hydrogels for drug delivery. In J Kost, ed. Pulsed and Self-Regulated Drug Delivery. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 1990, pp 47-64. 

Poly-j3-malate is readily degraded completely to L-malic acid under both acid and base conditions [108], and it can also be hydrolyzed by enzymes within the cell [105,106]. Recently, several bacteria were isolated which were able to utilize poly-/i-malate as sole carbon source for growth [109]. Because the polymer is biodegradable and bioadsorbable, it is of considerable interest for pharmaceutical applications, especially in controlled-release drug delivery systems [97,98]. Chemical routes to poly-/ -malate are expected to provide materials with various properties [110]. 

Prokop, A., Kozlov, E., Carlesso, G. and Davidsen, ]. M. Hydrogel-Based Colloidal Polymeric System for Protein and Drug Delivery Physical and Chemical Characterization, Permeability Control and Applications. Vol. 160, pp. 119-174. 

Porous polymer materials, especially in particulate form, are of interest in a diverse range of applications, including controlled drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, molecular separation technology, and as hosts for chemical synthesis [101-104]. MS materials have been used as hosts for the template synthesis of nanoporous polymer replicas through in situ polymerization of monomers in the mesopores [105-108]. 

Smith, J. M. Thomas, X. Gantner, D. C. Lin, Z. Lossely Cross-Linked Silicone Elastomer Blends and Topical Delivery. In Advances in Controlled Drug Delivery-, Dinh, S. M., Lin, P., Eds. ACS Symposium Series 846 American Chemical Society Washington, D.C, 2003 ... 

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