Drosophila projects

Figure 4. DDC (A), serotonin (B), and tyrosine hydroxylase (C) immunore-activity in the posterior region of a wild-type Drosophila ventral ganglion. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) encodes the rate-limiting step in dopamine biosynthesis and is a marker for dopamine cells. B and C are the same CNS assayed for both serotonin and TH. M, medial dopamine neurons VL, ventrolateral serotonin neurons DL, dorsolateral dopamine neurons. Short unmarked arrows in C show vacuolated cells that do not contain DDC immunoreactivity. The immunoreactivity in these cells may represent a nonspecific cross-reactivity of the rat TH antibody. The length bar in A is 50 pM. The images are confocal projections generated on a Molecular Dynamics-2000 confocal laser scanning microscope.

This chapter anticipates the completion of Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, and Homo sapiens genome sequencing projects by reviewing current ideas of the evolution of sequence families. In parallel the related issue of domain homolog detection is discussed in light of continuing efforts to map the complete set of domain families. 

FlyBase (1999) The FlyBase database of the Drosophila genome projects and community literature. Nucleic Acids Research 27, 85-88. 

TM, seven transmembrane domain DOR, Drosophila odorant receptor EAG, electroantennogram GFP, green fluorescent protein GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor GR, gustatory receptor nsyb, neuronal synaptobrevin OR, odorant receptor OSN, olfactory sensory neuron PCR, polymerase chain reaction PN, projection neuron RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction SOG, subesophageal ganglion. 

Gao Q., Yuan B. and Chess A. (2000) Convergent projections of Drosophila olfactory neurons to specific glomeruli in the antennal lobe. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 780-785. 

The PNs project to the LP via three antennocerebral tracts (ACT, Figure 23.5 Stocker et al., 1990). The largest of these in Drosophila is the inner ACT (iACT) that sends collaterals to the prominent mushroom bodies (MB). It carries a large population of mostly uniglomerular PNs. A smaller set of PNs project directly to... 

Bhalerao S., Sen A., Stocker R. F. and Rodrigues V. (2003) Olfactory neurons expressing identified receptor genes project to subsets of glomeruli within the antennal lobe of Drosophila melanogaster, J. Neurobiol. 54, 577-592. 

Fiala A., Spall T., Diegelmann S., Eisermann B., Sachse S., Devaud J.-M., Buchner E. and Galizia C.-G. (2002) Genetically expressed cameleon in Drosophila melanogaster is used to visualize olfactory information in projection neurons. Curr. Biol. 12, 1877-1884. 

Shanbhag S. R., Singh K. and Singh R. N. (1995) Fine structure and primary sensory projections of sensilla located in the sacculus of the antenna of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Tissue Res. 282, 237-249. 

Singh R. N. and Nayak S. V. (1985) Fine structure and primary sensory projections of sensilla on the maxillary palp of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera Drosphilidae). Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. 14, 291-306. 

Stocker R. F., Singh R. N., Schorderet M. and Siddiqi O. (1983) Projection patterns of different types of antennal sensilla in the antennal glomeruli of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Tissue Res. 232, 237-248. 

Tissot M., Gendre N., Hawken A., Stortkuhl K. F. and Stocker R. F. (1997) Larval chemosensory projections and invasion of adult afferents in the antennal lobe of Drosophila. J. Neurobiol. 32, 281-297. 

The Genome Sequencing Center focuses on the large-scale generation and analysis of DNA sequences. They have played an important role in the Human Genome Project. They also sequenced the genome of other species such as the chicken, C. elegans, planarian, chimpanzee, and drosophila. 

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