Drawings solid lines

The more concept maps you make, the better you will become at constructing them. Soon you may find that organizing them becomes second nature. You may even develop your own system of shapes, lines, and colors to emphasize different types of information contained in your concept maps. For example, you may decide to place all vocabulary terms in ovals, main ideas in squares, and clarifying examples in triangles. You could draw solid lines between concepts and terms that are very related and dotted lines between those that are only slightly related. 

Make a graph with an energy scale extending on the ordinate from zero to 3000 kcal/mole and with the abscissa marked at equal intervals with the labels Na, Mg, and Al. Now plot and connect with a solid line the first ionization energies, Ei, of these three elements (see Table 20-IV). Hot Et and connect with a dashed line, E with a dotted line, and Et with a solid line. Draw a... 

FIGURE 9.14 Typical approach force curve (solid line) for a sample which is penetrated by the scanning probe microscope (SPM) tip. Also shown is the force curve (dashed line) when the tip encounters a hard surface (glass) and schematic drawings of the relative positions of the SPM tip and the sample surface as related to the force curves. (From Huson, M.G. and Maxwell, J.M., Polym. Test., 25, 2, 2006.)... 

Draw a vertical line from the calculated Elk to intersect with the solid line curve corresponding to the selected C and K. 

L2/t VALUES DESCRIBING THE WIDTHS L OF ACCEPTOR-PASSIVATION PLATEAUS, FOR VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS. THE QUANTITITE5 TO THE LEFT OF THE DOUBLE LINE REPRESENT DIRECT RESULTS OF THE MEASUREMENTS THOSE TO THE RIGHT SHOW HOW ONE COULD DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT REPRESENTATIVE VALUES OF n+ DURING HYDROGENATION FROM EQ. (105) AND AN ASSUMPTION ABOUT D+. THE ILLUSTRATIVE VALUES USED FOR THE LATTER CORRESPOND TO THE SOLID LINE IN FIG. 18 FOR THE H CASES AND TO THE DOTTED LINE... 

This is shown as a black circle in Fig. 19. One can draw further inferences if one is willing to apply (20) with the D+ given by the solid line in Fig. 16, i.e., the room-temperature value of Seager and Anderson (1988), interpolated toward the high-temperature diffusion coefficient of Van Wieringen... 

Draw the line of perfect fit (dotted line) as described above. Next plot a series of measured values that lie on a parallel (solid) line. Each point lies exactly on a line and so is precise. However, the separation of the measured value from the actual input value means that the line is inaccurate. 

After drawing and labelling the axes, draw in the two sets of lines. The solid lines are lines of equal Paco2 and the dashed lines are the buffer lines. Normal plasma is represented by point A so make sure this point is accurately plotted. The shaded area represents the normal pH and points C and E should also lie in this area. The line BAD is the normal buffer line. 

Solid phase DOS of natural product-like molecules in many cases concerns polycyclic compounds, but macrocycles have also been reported [4j. In some cases, it is difficult to draw a line between DOS and simple derivati-... 

The draw ratio (DR) is indicated in each figure. Dashed, dotted, and broken lines indicate narrow, medium, and broad components, respectively. Thick dotted and solid lines indicate the composite curve for the three components and the experimental spectrum, respectively75 ... 

Figure 6-22 Generalized valence-bond orbitals calculated for ethene by the ab initio method. The nuclei are located in the x,y plane of the coordinate system at the positions indicated by crosses. The long dashes correspond to locations of change of phase. The dotted lines are contour lines of electron amplitude of opposite phase to the solid lines. Top shows both m-bonding carbon orbitals (almost sp2), middle-left is the carbon orbital and middle-right the hydrogen orbital of one of the C-H bonds, and bottom represents a side view of the ir orbitals in perpendicular section to the x,y plane. (Drawings furnished by Dr. W, A. Goddard, III.)...

Figure 10.4 (A) The DNA interaxial distance dDNA and the interlayer distance d in the L°a phase (Figure 10.2) plotted as a function of Lipid/DNA (UD) (wt/wt) ratio at the isoelectric point of the0 complex DOTAP/DNA=2.2. dDNA is seen to expand from 24.5 A to 57.1 A. The solid line through the data is the prediction of a packing calculation where the DNA chains form a space rilling one-dimensional lattice. (B) Schematic drawing of DNA-membrane multilayers showing the increase in distance between DNA chains as the membrane charge density is decreased (i.e., as DOpc increases) at the isoelectric point (Adapted from Raedler et al., 1997 Kohover etal., 1999).

Then there is the problem of assessing whether the reaction is symmetry-allowed or not using the Woodward-Hoffmann rule. All reactions using (An + 2) electrons (an odd number of curly arrows) are allowed in the all-suprafacial mode, and so it is helpful to draw the dashed or solid lines (or better still use a line with a distinctive colour) to show the developing overlap with only suprafacial components. The (4q + 2)s components will then add up to an odd number, and the task is done. 

As shown by Eq. (10), Aal is a multiplicative ( normalization ) factor that allows one to relate the experimental quantity Ky to the order parameter S. For each experimental T value listed in your table, calculate An( T) from Eq. (12) and K T) from Eq. (11). Then use your best value for Aal to calculate a value of Sat each experimental T value and plot these 5(7) points versus T. The theoretical power-law curve for 5(7) given by Eq. (8) should also be shown as a hne on this plot. Draw vertical lines at Ti and at P and show how the theoretical curve for 5(7) extrapolates in this region to the value 5 at P. What value of 5 do you get from this curve How do your values of j8, AaKa>, P 7), and 5 compare with those reported for 5CB in Ref. 7 How does the 5(7) curve for a liquid crystal differ from the positional order parameter variation for an ordinary solid-liquid phase transition ... 

Fig. 12. Effect of draw temperature on the maximum draw ratio attainable (solid line) for high molecular weight (M = 8 X lO ) LPE. Also shown (broken line) the room temperature modulus of samples drawn to the maximum draw ratio at each temperature...

Fig. 21 Tool costs for uncoated (dashed line) and CVD coated (solid line) D2 drawing rings (schematically).

Each drawing has two solid lines, one wedge, and one dashed line. 

Draw each compound in three dimensions, using solid lines, wedges, and dashes to illustrate the position of atoms, a. CH3CH2CH3 b. CH3OH c. (CH3)2NH... 

The three-carbon alkane CH3CH2CH3, called propane, has molecular formula C3H8. Each carbon in the three-dimensional drawing has two bonds in the plane (solid lines), one bond in front (on a wedge), and one bond behind the plane (on a dashed line). 

In drawing a tetrahedron using solid lines, wedges, and dashes, always draw the two solid lines first then draw the wedge and the dash on the opposite side of the solid lines. 

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