Drawing behavior

Some emulsion PVC grades (e g., Vestolit P 1382 K) are modified with acrylate (20%) which makes them suitable for use as an additive to suspension, mass, and emulsion PVC to increase impact resistance of pigmented and translucent products. 10% addition does not affect Vicat softening temperature of film but increases its tensile impact strength and improves the deep drawing behavior of films. 

S.D. Long and I.M. Ward, Tensile drawing behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate, J. Appl Polym. Sci. 1991,42(7), 1911 1920. 

The presence of the ionic comonomer influences the drawing behavior [276]. The copolymers containing nonionic comonomers such as AN-methyl acrylate display a moderate decrease in the mercury density upon drawing, but a proportionately larger increase in the internal surface area gives rise to a reduction in the fibril diameter and microvoid size. The... 

From their studies and those of others, Kramer and co-workers concluded that the drawing of craze fibrils is basically a nano-scale variant of the plastic drawing of fibers and bars of polymer considered in Chapter 10 (Kramer 1983). This drawing behavior is that of an entangled polymer network in which the... 

The major advantage of 3-nucleation in thermoforming is more uniform drawing behavior of the 3-ciystal phase, coupled with the reduced density of the microvoided side-wall, which leads to thicker sidewalls compared to that of a-nucleated containers of the same weight. ... 

High-modulus and high-strength PP fibers and films DRAWING BEHAVIOR... 

The drawing behavior of several syndiotactic polypropylenes (sPP) was also examined as a function of molecular weight and initial morphology. It was found that these materials can be drawn to a much lesser extent than comparable isotactic pol5q3ropylene. This limited drawability was attributed to the absence of an effective crystalline c-shp process. 

Figure 5.37 Relation between fiber drawing behavior and composition of TEOS-water-ethanol solutions after hydrolysis at SOT with an acid concentration of 0.01 mol HCl per mole of TEOS ( ) immiscible, ( ) not spinnable, (A) no gel formation, ( ) circular cross section, ( ) noncircular cross section, (0) circular and noncircular cross section. (From Ref. 69.)...

A. R. Haynes and P. D. Coates, Semi-automated image analysis of the true tensile drawing behavior of polymers to large strains , J. Mater. Sci. 31, 1843—1855 (1996). 

Lin X D, Jia D, Leung F K P and Cheung W L (2004) Study on poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polypropylene microfibrillar composites. II. Solid-state drawing behavior, J Appl Polym Sci 93 1989-2000. 

The acrylic modifiers already present in the recycled PVC have a positive effect on stretching behavior and no further modification needs to be made. The gelation level has a major influence on the draw behavior of the hot PVC melt. The influence of the formulation on the gelation has been measured. 

Outstanding properties - mechanical strength, drawing behavior ... 

The stress-strain response of polycarbonate is a function of test rate as is shown in Fig. 3.8. Little rate effect is observed for low stress levels but a very significant effect is observed for higher levels. The intrinsic yield stress is clearly rate dependent and should the tests have been carried to rupture a drawing behavior similar to that shown in Fig. 3.7 would have occurred for each rate. These results suggest the need to include rate and/or time in developing yield criteria for polymers. This will be discussed more fully in Chapter 10. 

Figure 9.15 A W s isochronal creep modulus, measured at room temperature, as a function of draw ratio for a range of quenched (open symbols) and slowly cooled (closed symbols) samples of linear polyethylene drawn at 75°C. (m), Rigidex 140-60 (A, k), Rigidex 25 (D, M), Rigidex 50 (o, ), P40 (<>,- ), H020-54P. (Reproduced from Capaccio, Crompton and Ward (1976) Drawing Behavior of Linear Polyethylene. 1. Rate of Drawing As a Function of Polymer Molecular-weight and Initial Thermal-treatment I. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 14, 1641. Copyright (1976).)...

Capaccio, G. and Ward, I.M. (1973) Properties of ultra-high modulus linear polyethylenes. Nature Phys. Sci., 243, 143 (1974) Preparation of Ultrahigh Modulus Linear Polyethylenes - Effect of Molecular-weight and Molecular-weight Distribution on Drawing Behavior and Mechanical-properties. Polymer, 15,223. 

Capaccio, G., Crompton, T.A. and Ward, I.M. (1976) Drawing behavior of linear polyethylene. Part 1. Rate of drawing as a function of polymer molecular-weight and initial thermal-treatment. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Edn., 14, 1641. 

By strain-induced crystallization, the pure a form is obtained even at temperatures for which thermal crystallization from the glassy state is not observed. De Candia et al. [36] analyzed the drawing behavior of amorphous films of SPS at different temperatures. They found that strain-induced or thermal-induced crystallization was obtained, depending on the drawing temperature. At 110 °C thermal crystallization was not observed, whereas strain-induced crystallization occurred at high draw ratios, resulting in a substantial increase in the elastic modulus of the obtained samples. 

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