DRAW option

Alternatively, any or all three files for benzene, cyclohexene, and cyclohexane can be generated using the draw option of PCMODEL. Either way, the cyclohexene file is... 

Note If the Select option is activated and you are working in the Molecules editor, none of the drawing options will function, even if the status line shows that one of them is activated. Similarly, working on the Processing screen, it will not be possible to move the synthesis tree nor change the active molecule. The option "Select" must be disactivated before performing any of these activities. 

Framework and polyhedral figures were drawn using ATOMS V6.2 by Shape Software. Channel system diagrams were generated using the 3D drawing option at the IZA Structure Commission web site [4]. 

However, the complexity in the security system of railways can be reduced further, by employing other tools of systems science. There is, therefore, need for further research in that directioa Drawing option profiles based on relevant option fields and evaluating them using Analytical Hierarchy Process to arrive at the best option can be one such way of moving ahead. The authors are already engaged in such research and expect to develop the same in the near future. 

A number of drawing options appear on the display, which essentially represent a "menu" of graphics controls. To select from the menu the user moves the stylus on the tablet so as to superimpose the tracking cursor on one of the options, and then depresses the stylus slightly to activate the desired option. As can be seen in Figure 2, at the top of the display a rectangle appears around the TYPE option. This indicates to the operator the option that is currently active. 

To draw a bond "freehand", the user selects the DRAW option and then depresses the stylus with the cursor inside the drawing area. As the stylus is moved, a straight line appears on the scope as if it were "ink" from the stylus. When the stylus is lifted, the line is frozen and the new bond is Inserted in the connection table. The terminating atoms are initially assumed to be carbon. Additional bonds can be drawn in this manner until the desired ring is formed. 

The editor provides two modes for drawing the structure and the draw mode. This distinction is important for differentiating chemical information from conventional drawings. Both modes are switchable and provide an extensive set of features in the menu bar to create chemical structures and reactions, or just drawings. The number of options can be quite confusing for beginners however, one becomes accustomed to them after a short period of vocational adjustment. 

Thus, if the user wants to look for literature including requested chemicals or reactions, it is possible to query the database by the first option Chemical Substance or Reaction , The compound can be entered as a query in three different ways drawing the chemical structure in a molecule editor (Chemical Structure) searching by names or identification number, such as the CAS Number (Structure Identifier) and searching by molecular formula (Figure 5-12). 

In order to allow any multiple chlorination of the biphenyl skeleton, the user may define an atom list (eonsisting of hydrogen and chlorine atoms) and substitute all H-atoms by this list. One may click on the drop-down selection box behind the element icons, select the options Generics. .set the user-defined atom to A1 and quit by the OK button. As a result this atom selection is active for the subsequent drawing steps. After this atom list is drawn ten times as the ten substituents, its composition has to be defined by clicking the A, icon on the left-hand side of the structure editor and by selecting H and Cl in the periodic table (Figure 5-16). 

Minimize cw-2-butene. From the View menu, select Pluto. Your screen image should resemhle Fig. 5-6. Go to File and Print your pluto drawing. Repeat with tra s-2-hutene. Include the structure drawings with your report. You can create pluto drawings for any of the stick figures in future computer projects. There are other graphical options. 

You can specify the number and values of visible contour lines. You specify the total number of contour lines to be shown by simple stating the number, n>0. You normally specify the values of the contour lines as default values. For this case, HyperChem computes the maximum and minimum values on the grid and then draws contours at these values plus n-2 contour lines evenly spaced in between these maximum and minimum values. If you need non-default values, you can specify the starting value and then an increment to define the other n-1 evenly spaced contour lines. If default values were computed previously, HyperChem suggests the starting value and increment of the previous default computation for the new non-default option. 

REACCS is organized iato six operational modes MAIN and BUILD, which are used to draw molecular stmctures, build reactions, and constmct graphic queries and SEARCH, VIEWLIST, PLOT, and EORMS, which are used to create custom forms to display data associated with reactions and molecules. Each of the modes provides a characteristic menu and a set of options, which normally perform tasks that relate to the general function of that mode. 

Many companies apply a minimum rate of return, or hurdle rate, to express the opportunity-cost competition between investments. For example, if a firm can draw 10 percent interest on cash in the bank, then 10 percent would be a valid choice for the hurdle rate as it represents the company s cash opportunity cost. Then, in analyzing investment options under a return-on-investment criterion, not only would the highest returns be selected, but any project that pays the firm a return of less than the 10 percent hurdle rate would not be considered. 

Photographs of the proposed site are useful and a site layout drawing is needed, but a perspective artistic impression showing buildings with architectural facades, vehicles and other site activities improves the presentation. Employing three-dimensional models discussed in Section 7.3 helps communication and allows layout options to be easily demonstrated and discussed. 

Identify the major safety hazards and eliminate them, if possible Locate critical areas on the flow diagrams and layout drawings Is selection of a specific process route, or other design option, more appropriate on safety grounds ... 

Figure 3.9 shows a schematic sectional drawing of a liquid-helium Mbssbauer cryostat with a superconducting magnet optionally included. The layout is kept generic to highlight a few issues that are essential for applications in transition metal chemistry ... 

The final option shown in Figure 14.16d is to use intermediate storage for the limiting step. Material from Step A is sent to storage, from which Step B draws its feed. Material is still passed directly from Step B to Step C. Now all three steps are fully utilized. For the same rate of production over a period of time, the size of Step A can in principle be half that relative to the sequential production in Figure 14.16a and the sizes of Steps B and C can in principle be one-quarter those for sequential production. However, this is at the cost of introducing intermediate storage. 

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