Dose suboptimal

Rarely, anaphylaxis progresses so rapidly that the initial first-aid dose of epinephrine which, as noted previously, is low relative to the initial epinephrine dose of 1 mg used in resuscitation, is ineffective even if given promptly. More commonly, anaphylaxis progresses because epinephrine is given too late, or administered in a suboptimal dose for the patient s body mass (weight), or through a suboptimal route [5]. 

Suboptimal drug, dose, regimen, dosage form, and duration of use ... 

Atomoxetine is the most recent addition to the ADHD armamentarium in both children and adults. In clinical studies, atomoxetine has demonstrated superior efficacy over placebo and equivalent efficacy when compared with a suboptimal immediate-release methylphenidate dose.17 20 However, it is not clear whether atomoxetine is superior to typical methylphenidate doses or other stimulant formulations. Atomoxetine may be used as a second- or third-line medication for ADHD. 

The two most frequently studied compounds with T-type calcium channel antagonist properties are ethosuximide 1 and mibefradil 3. However, the modest potency of ethosuximide ( 200 pM) [48] and the poor selectivity of mibefradil [49] make these compounds suboptimal tools for the investigation of these channels. Guided by a pharmacophore model [50], several analogs of 3 were prepared. Compound 4 represents the most potent compound identified (IC50 8 nM, patch-clamp assay) with good selectivity over the L-type calcium channel [51], Compound 4 showed a modest brain-to-plasma ratio (0.25) after oral dosing to rats at 50 mg/kg. However, no in vivo efficacy assay results have been reported with this compound. 

Tetanus toxoid may be given to immunosuppressed patients if indicated. Tetanus IG is used to provide passive tetanus immunization after the occurrence of traumatic wounds in nonimmunized or suboptimally immunized persons (see Table 51-3). A dose of 250 to 500 units is administered IM. When administered with tetanus toxoid, separate sites for administration should be used. 

T s motivation and efficiency were suboptimal for almost a year. We had no idea what dose he had absorbed. For several weeks, he was somewhat... 

Drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions 100 mg twice/day. Patients with suboptimal responses may benefit from 300 mg/day in divided doses. 

Despite G-CSF support, neutropenia was frequently encountered (70% in arm A, 78% arm B). Thirty-one percent of patients failed to complete their recommended treatment due to toxicity or patient refusal. Overall response rates in both arms were comparable (35% high-dose combination vs 36% low-dose combination) and were determined to be suboptimal not warranting further investigation. 

The third approach is the introduction of another type of radiation quality high-LET radiation. Clinical experience with neutrons has demonstrated that high-LET radiations are superior to low-LET radiations for some tumor types or sites. Fast neutrons were indeed the first high-LET radiations to be applied clinically (see Sec. 4.1). Although in the first studies they were applied in suboptimal conditions from a technical or dose distributions point of view, their advantage for some types of tumors is well established, particularly for slowly growing, well-differentiated tumors. Randomized trials have indeed shown their superiority over conventional photons for salivary gland tumors and prostatic adenocarcinomas. 

Their proposal won FDA approval, the first gene therapy trial everto inject AAV. In June 1999 the clinical team injected the first patient with genetically altered AAV. The procedure was uneventful. Two more patients followed. As the team reported in the March 2000 issue of Nature Genetics, at the suboptimal dose used in the study, meant only to detect manifest safety problems, the first three patients showed no untoward effects and no detectable antibodies [6]. Within 12 weeks after the injec-(Continued on next page)... 

Subtherapeutic doses are often prescribed, especially by nonpsychiatrists. One study ( 9) found that 60% of depressed elderly patients were not given antidepressants, either while in the hospital or on outpatient follow-up (median interval of 45 weeks). Furthermore, most of those who were given antidepressants received doses that were generally suboptimal. 

Raschke R, Hirsh J, Guildry JR. Suboptimal monitoring and dosing of unfractionated heparin in comparative studies with low-molecular weight heparin. Ann Int Med 2003 138 720-723. 

It has been shown that patients with diabetes exhibit platelet activation and increased reactivity to agonists. The heightened platelet reactivity may be related to the increased prevalence of nonresponders and occurrence of ischemic events reported in patients with diabetes (106,107). It has also been reported that patients with a high body mass index (BMI) exhibited a suboptimal platelet response with the standard 300 mg loading dose (108). 

Nevertheless, neointimal proliferation was not completely abolished by estradiol-eluting stents. It is possible that drug dosing, absorption, and elution kinetics, may have influenced our results and partially limited the antiproliferative effects of estradiol, Estradiol elution from hand -loaded PC-coated stents is only carried out within the first 24-hour interval. Nonetheless, the amount of intimal hyperplasia detected by IVUS in the present study compares favorably with bare metal stents (36), suggesting an antirestenotic effect of estradiol in spite of the suboptimal stent elution. 

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