Poly 12 doped

Mulder, J., Eppenga, P., Hendriks, M., and Tong, J., An Industrial LPCVD Process for In Situ Phosphorus-Doped Poly silicon, /. Electrochem. Soc., 137(l) 273-279(Jan. 1990)... 

Most conducting polymers, such as doped poly(acetylene), poly(p-pheny-lene), and poly(/ -phenylene sulfide), are not stable in air. Their electrical conductivity degrades rapidly, apparently due to reaction with oxygen and/or water. Poly(pyrrole) by contrast appears to be stable in the doped conductive state. 

The electronic band structure of a neutral polyacetylene is characterized by an empty band gap, like in other intrinsic semiconductors. Defect sites (solitons, polarons, bipolarons) can be regarded as electronic states within the band gap. The conduction in low-doped poly acetylene is attributed mainly to the transport of solitons within and between chains, as described by the intersoliton-hopping model (IHM) . Polarons and bipolarons are important charge carriers at higher doping levels and with polymers other than polyacetylene. 

The dynamic viscoelasticity of particulate gels of silicone gel and lightly doped poly-p-phenylene (PPP) particles has been studied under ac excitation [55]. The influence of the dielectric constant of the PPP particles has been investigated in detail. It is well known that the dielectric constant varies with the frequency of the applied field, the content of doping, or the measured temperature. In Fig. 11 is displayed the relationship between an increase in shear modulus induced by ac excitation of 0.4kV/mm and the dielectric constant of PPP particles, which was varied by changing the frequency of the applied field. AG increases with s2 and then reaches a constant value. Although the composite gel of PPP particles has dc conductivity, the viscoelastic behavior of the gel in an electric field is qualitatively explained by the model in Sect. 4.2.1, in which the effect of dc conductivity is neglected. 

T.M. Brown, J.S. Kim, R.H. Friend, F. Cacialli, R. Daik, and W.J. Feast, Built-in electroabsorption spectroscopy of polymer light-emitting diodes incorporating a doped poly(3,4-ethylene diox-ythiophene) hole injection layer, Appl. Phys. Lett., 75 1679-1681, 1999. 

T. Yirgili, D. Lidzey, and D.D.C. Bradley, Efficient energy transfer from blue to red in tetra-porphyrin-doped poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) light-emitting diodes, Adv. Mater., 12 58-62, 2000. 

In the present work, we have examined poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviated hereafter as PVCz) and pyrene-doped poly(aethyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films by using a tine-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic aethod. Fluorescence spectra and their dynanic behavior of the forner fila were elucidated with a high intensity laser pulse and a streak camera, which nakes it possible to neasure dynaaics just upon laser ablation. This aethod reveals aolecular and electronic aspects of laser ablation phenomena (17). For the latter fila a laser pulse with weak intensity was used for characterizing the ablated and Basked areas. On the basis of these results, we demonstrate a high potential of fluorescence spectroscopy in aolecular studies on laser ablation and consider its mechanism. Experimental... 

Excimer Laser-Induced Ablation of Doped Poly(T etrafluoroethylene)... 

Li G, Mianami N (2003) Increase of photoluminescence from fullerenes-doped poly (alkyl methacrylate) under laser irradiation. Journal of Photoluminescence 104 207. 

E. I. Newhouse and R. Kopelman, Fractal-like triplet-triplet annihilation kinetics in naphthalene-doped poly(methylmethacrylate), Chem. Phys. Lett. 143, 106-110(1988). 

Wainright, J. S., Wang, J.-T., Savinell, R. F. and Lift, M. 1995. Acid-doped poly-benimidazoles A new polymer electrolyte. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 142 L121-L123. 

After Little s proposal, many researchers have pursued such an exciting system in vain. Even metallic behavior was rarely seen in doped organic polymers, gels, and actuators. As mentioned in Sect. 3.4.4, MCso with linearly polymerized Ceo" exhibited one-dimensional (M = Rb, Cs) or three-dimensional (M = K) metallic behavior [144]. Recently a doped poly aniline was reported to exhibit a metallic temperature dependence for a crystalline polymer chemical oxidation of monomers grew crystallite polyaniline [329] early doping studies on polypyrrole (PFg) and poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)X (X = PFg, BF4, and CF3SO3) prepared by electrooxidation at low temperatures also showed a metallic temperature dependence below 10-20 K (Scheme 16) [330, 331]. 

Aleshin A, Kiehooms R, Menon R, Heeger AJ (1997) Electronic transport in doped poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) near the metal-insulator transition. Synth Met 90 61-68... 

FIGURE 6.3 Conductivities of doped poly acetylenes conductivities of insulators, semiconductors and metals are given for comparison. 

Recently, intense interest has been paid on doped poly(acetylene) because its film 68) showed markedly high conductivity on doping69 70 71 and the n- and p-type conductivities are depending on the dopants. The confirmation of p-n junction formation with the p- and n-type -fCH T, has roused great expectations to produce a polymer film solar cell.72a)... 

The doped poly(acetylene) forms various junctions such as a) a p-n junction from p- and n- -f CH, b) a hetero-Schottky junction from the inorganic semiconductor and metalic -f CH-, and c) a heterojunction from the inorganic semiconductor and semiconducting The bandgaps of -(-CH (trans- 0.6 eV, cis- 0.9 eV)... 

Others Semiconductors or insulators Doped poly acetylene, TTF-TCNQ... 

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