Dopamine brain slices

Johnson, M.P. Hoffman, A.J. and Nichols, D.E. Effects of the enantiomers of MDA, MDMA and related analogues on [ H]-serotonin and [ H]dopamine release from superfused rat brain slices. Eur J Pharmacol 132 269-276, 1986. 

Westfall, T.C., Effect of nicotine and other drugs on the release of 3H-norepinephrine and 3H-dopamine from rat brain slices, Neuropharmacology, 13, 693, 1974. 

Whitworth P, Kendall DA Effects of lithium on inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and inhibition of dopamine D, receptor-mediated cyclic AMP formation by carbachol in rat brain slices. J Neurochem 53 536-541, 1989 Whybrow PC The therapeutic use of triiodothyronine and high dose thyroxine in psychiatric disorder. Acta Med Austriaca 21 44-47, 1994 Whybrow PC Update on thyroid axis approaches to treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the New Clinical Drug Evaluations Unit (NCDEU), Boca Raton, EL, May 30, 1996... 

Russell V, de Villiers A, Sagvolden T, et al Differences between electrically, Ritalin-, and D-amphetamine-stimulated release of pH]dopamine from brain slices suggest impaired vesicular storage of dopamine in an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav Brain Res 94 163-171, 1998... 

Famebo LO, Hamberger B (1971) Drug-induced changes in the release of 3H-monoamines from field stimulated rat brain slices. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 371 35 44 Fedele E, Fontana G, Munari C, Cossu M, Raiteri M (1999) Native human neocortex releaseregulating dopamine D2 type autoreceptors are dopamine D2 subtype. Eur J Neurosci 11 2351-8... 

Wieczorek WJ, Kruk ZL (1994) A quantitative comparison on the effects of benztropine, cocaine and nomifensine on electrically evoked dopamine overflow and rate of re-uptake in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens in the rat brain slice. Brain Res 657 42-50 Willems JL, Buylaert WA, Lefebvre RA, Bogaert MG (1985) Neuronal dopamine receptors on autonomic ganglia and sympathetic nerves and dopamine receptors in the gastrointestinal system. Pharmacol Rev 37 165-216... 

With respect to catecholamines, 5-HT3 receptor activation was found to mediate an enhancement of dopamine release in the striatum (Blandina et al. 1989), but contradictory results have also been presented (Crespi et al. 1997). The question of whether presynaptic 5-HT3 receptors control noradrenaline release also remains controversial 5-HT3 ligands were reported to either stimulate or inhibit noradrenaline release in perfused hearts (Fozard and Ali 1978 Gothert and Diihrsen 1979) and to increase evoked noradrenaline release in brain slices (Mongeau et al. 1994). However, these results must be interpreted with caution as 5-HT3 ligands may interfere with presynaptic 0C2 autoreceptors (Allgaier et al. 1995). 

Consistent with the documented expression of the D3R in nigrostriatal projection neurons, D3R(—/—) mice were shown to have abnormal dopamine neurotransmission. The locomotor hyperactivity was associated with elevated extracellular dopamine levels as measured by in vivo microdialysis (Joseph et al., 2002). Evoked dopamine release studied in striatal brain slices showed that the effect of the D2R/D3R agonist quinpirole in inhibiting dopamine release was mildly reduced in D3R(—/—) mice confirming that this receptor at least participated in D2-like dopamine autoreceptor functionality. 

Joseph JD, Wang YM, Miles PR, Budygin EA, Picetti R, Gainetdinov RR, Caron MG, Wightman RM (2002) Dopamine autoreceptor regulation of release and uptake in mouse brain slices in the absence of D(3) receptors. Neuroscience 112 39-49. 

The immediate and reversible actions of dopamine are a combination of modulations of individual ion channels. The major ion channels expressed in spiny projection neurons are summarized in Table 2. Current understanding of the properties of these channels is mostly based on whole cell recordings from isolated cells, which have been recently reviewed by Nichola et al. (2000). The role of these channels in whole cell behavior has been studied using intracellular recordings in brain slices or anaesthetized animals. Many of the important cellular properties of spiny projection neurons can be accounted for in terms of ion channel activations occurring at different membrane potentials. 

Dopamine D1 receptor activation has also been reported to increase AMPA receptor currents in cultured striatal neurons (Price et al., 1999). In brain slices, the effect of dopamine D1 receptor activation on nonNMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses is variable, with reports of potentiated synaptic responses in a large fraction of cells (Cepeda et al., 1993) or variable effects, but with more increases than decreases reported (Levine et al., 1996b Levine and Cepeda, 1998). 

The use of intracellular recording in whole-animal preparations has enabled greater separation of stimulating electrodes and more specific activation of afferents than is possible in brain slices. Using this method, HFS of the cerebral cortex induces LTD of the corticostriatal pathway, as in slices. When stimulation of the substantia nigra pars compacta with 20 Hz trains is paired with cortical HFS, a short-lasting potentiation is induced (Reynolds and Wickens, 2000). This short-lasting potentiation is blocked by dopamine depletion. Thus, the phasic activation of dopamine afferents induced... 

Liang S-L, Pan J-T (2001) Potent inhibitory effect of selective D2 and D3 agonists on dopamine-responsive dorsomedial arcuate neuronsin brain slices of estrogen-primed rats. Life Sci 69 2653-2662. 

Whitworth, P., and Kendall, D.A., 1989, Effects of lithium on inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and inhibition of dopamine D1 receptor-mediated cyclic AMP formation by carbachol in rat brain slices. J. Neurochem. 53 536-541. 

The stereochemistry at the a carbon atom, when enantiomers exist, is homochiralto that of S-(+)-amphetamine (10), shown earlier. Both the releasing actions at dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in isolated rat brain slices (147) and the locomotor and stereotypic effects in rodents (148) are more potently affected by the S -(+) isomer of amphetamine than by the R-(-) isomer. In this latter study, the (+) enantiomer was about five times more potent than the (-) isomer, paral-... 

Harvey J, Wedley S, Findlay JD, Sidell MR, PuUar LA. Omega-agatoxin IVA identifies a single calcium channel subtype which contributes to the potassium-induced release of acetylchohne, 5-hydroxytrypta-mine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate from rat brain slices. Neuropharmacology 1996 35(4) 385-92. 

The sections that follow describe how to make the carbon fiber electrodes used as the working electrodes in FCV, how to set up an FCV amplifier, and how to test and calibrate the carbon fiber electrodes before use. These techniques are suitable for the detection and measurement of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin (5-HT) in the whole bram or in brain slices. 

Fig. 9. Norepinephrine and dopamine release from brain slices (slices of rat nucleus accumbens). (A) Dopamine standard (10 pmol injected onto column—volume 100 pi) (B) norepinephrine standard (10 pmol injected onto column—volume 100 pi) (C) supernatant obtained after incubation of one sliced nucleus accumbens in Krebs buffer containing pargyline (10 M) at 37°C for 10 min, followed by centrifugation (Bennett et ai, 1981fl). The supernatant is deproteinized by addition of 20 pi 0.1 M perchloric acid per 2 ml supernatant and then centrifuged, and 100 pi is injected onto the column. Note the small norepinephrine and large dopamine peaks (D) same as C, except the nucleus accumbens (the other accumbens from the same animal as in G) was incubated in the presence of d-amphetamine (10 M). Note the increased norepinephrine and dopamine peaks. Chromatographic conditions column, cation-exchange Nucleosil (10 p) 30 cm X 2.1 mm mobile phase, 0.05 M acetate/citrate, pH 4.8 flow rate, 1.2 ml/min electrode potential, +0.65 V sensitivity, 2 nA/V full scale deflection volume injected, 100 pi.

Bennett, G. W., Marsden, C. A., Sharp, T., and Stolz, J. F., 1981a, Concomitant determination of endogenous release of dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) from rat brain slices and synaptosomes, in Central Neurotransmitter Turnover (C. J. Pycock and P. V. Taberner, eds.), pp. 183-189, Croom-Helm, London. 

Application of ischaemic challenge to a rat striatal brain slice evoked a consistent profile of dopamine release in the absence of drug tratment (Stamford et al. 1999). an initial quiescent period lasting 2-3 min was followed by a precipitous monophasic dopamine release event. 

Catecholamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinolines can be stored within adrenergic neurons, " and when released can either activate or block a-adrenergic receptors. A number of 6,7-dihydroxytetrahydroisoquinolines related to dopamine were, therefore, studied for their inhibitory effects on the accumulation of dopamine by rat brain slices. 6,7-Dihydroxytetrahydroiso-quinoline and 5-( —)-salsolinol were found to be effective inhibitors of dopamine accumulation, while 7 -( + )-salsolinol was less potent. 6,7-Dihydroxytetra-hydroisoquinoline is both a directly and indirectly acting sympathomimetic agent. ... 

Rats treated (i.p.) with the isolated components of lemon EO, such as I -(+)-limonene (14), 5-(-)-limonene (45), and citral, did not show the cold stress-induced elevation in norepinephrine and dopamine (Fukumoto et al., 2008) the authors suggested that these effects are related to changes in monoamine release in rat brain slices induced by these compounds (Fukumoto et al., 2003). Complementary to these Undings, inhaled lemon oil (cage with a cotton ball with 1 mL, 90 min) has also been reported to increase the turnover of dopamine and serotonin in mice (Komiya et al., 2006). 

Imipramine blocked the uptake of dopamine at central aminergic neurons in the rat Lithium inhibited the electrically-induced release of NE and 5" in brain slices 3 and did not interfere with the transfer rate of Ma from blood to brain tissue. Data were reported which suggested that the therapeutic effect of electroshock treatment may be due to increased levels of brain amines 5 or to an increase in NE turnover rate . In a study of catecholamine turnover rates in mouse brain it was found that neuroleptics have a predominant influence on dopamine metabolism while antidepressants selectively affect NE metabolism, a higher rate of NE synthesis was found in the forebrain of "mouse-killing" rats over that of controls Imipramine blocked the muricidal behaviour9 and also lowered NE turnover . 

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