DOP plasticizer

Thus the presence of 40 mass percent of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticizer to PVC lowers the Tg from 395 to 270 K, and hence the plasticized PVC is flexible at room temperature. Solvents have similar effects on the Tg, but of course a volatile solvent is much less permanent than a high-boiling plasticizer. 

Figure 2.24 TGA analysis of a PVC fabric. (1) volatiles humidity, monomers, solvents etc., (2) DOP plasticizer, (3) HC1 formation, (4) carbon-carbon scission, and (5) CO2 formation.

Plasticizers have a marked effect on T. One would normally expect that the plasticized polymer would nave a lower strength, hardness, and modulus than the unplasticized material. Actually incorporation of small amounts of a plasticizer such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (OOP) causes an increase in these values. At the 10-15% level of plasticizer. X-ray diffraction studies and IR analyses show an increase in the amount of crystallinity, probably due to an ordering of polymer chains. This result is the so-called "anti-plasticizer effect" and is dependent on the type of plasticizer. As the amount of plasticizer is increased, however, these properties (tensile strength and modulus) do decrease as shown in Figure 17. The effect on T as a result of increasing levels of DOP plasticizer is shown in Frgure 18. 

An increase in pressure results in an increase in T. When the polymer chains are subjected to pressure, more therma energy is required to activate the energy loss mechanisms. Heydemann and Guicking (23) determined the specific volume of unplasticized and DOP plasticized PVC by dilatometry over the temperature range of -80 to 150 °C at hydrostatic pressures of 1-1000 atm. Figure 19 shows... 

Figure 19. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the glass transition temperature of unplasticized and DOP-plasticized PVC.

Cassel and Gray (100) have developed a TG procedure for the determination of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride. As illustrated in Figure 4.42, the DOP plasticizer is evolved from the sample by fixing the furnace temperature at 200°C in a N2 atmosphere. When the... 

P loss factor, in Figure 8.4 DOP plasticizer, for dioctyl phthalate db for decibel, in Figure 8.5 E static compression modulus, in Figure 8.1 E dynamic in phase modulus, in Figure 8.3... 

It must be emphasized, however, that quite frequently no single plasticizer can satisfy all the above requirements or produce all the desired property enhancements. It is generally necessary to blend several plasticizers and compromise some properties, particularly those that are not critical to the specific application. For example, some applications require that DOP-plasticized PVC remains flexible at low temperatures. This requires further addition of DOP to the formulation to achieve the desired flexibility, but the additional DOP would adversely affect the hardness and performance of the product at ambient temperatures. Instead, aliphatic diesters such as DOA and DBS (dibutyl sebacate), which are more effective in enhancing low-temperature flexibility than DOA, are needed to improve low-temperature performance. However, the use of these esters is accompanied by unacceptable levels of volatility and oil extraction. Consequently, in such applications a combination of phthalate and aliphatic esters is required to produce the desired product even though some compromise in product performance will occur. 

C,F., Et,SiH, pyridine PVC (DOP plasticized) Reduce leaching of DOP into blood... 

Amgard TOF Cumar R-12 Cumar R-13 Cumar R-29, 25° DIstearyl thbdipropmate LX-782 Nevpene 9500 PB-100 Plasthall DOP plasticizer, stoving finishesflacquers WorldePol 808 plasticizer, sugar coatings TIC Pretested Bright Gum Arabic NF/USP Powd. 

More recently, Szymczak (1970) and Szymczak and Manson (1974a,ft) have reported a comparison of reactivities in a series of acrylates and methacrylates selected to have approximately equal concentrations of double bonds per mole. In this study, four monomers were used ethylidene dimethacrylate (EDMA) (divinyl) ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) (divinyl, isomeric with EDMA) trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) (trivinyl) and pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate (PTMA) (tetravinyl) see Figure 7.8. Concentrations up to 10% (based on PVC) were examined concentrations of double bonds (based on PVC) were kept equal to within +10% (see Table 7.2). In order to induce flexibility into the PVC resins, approximately 25% of DOP plasticizer was added before irradiation. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and fumes Uses Intermediate providing isooctyl alcohol for DOP plasticizers, for lube oil additives, for surfactants mfg. 

Citric acid esters are discussed in the review papers, patents, and conunercial litera-ture. ° " " Citric acid based plasticizers are one of the major contenders to replace phtha-lates (especially targeted to replace DOP). ° Some properties of materials plasticized with citrates can match those of DOP plasticized PVC but the cost of their production is substantially higher. Citrates are extracted from flexible PVC at a higher rate than DOP and trimellitates." Eudragit, which is a choice polymer in pharmaceutical coatings, having controlled release or sustained release properties, performs its functions very well when plasticized with triethyl citrate.The concentration of plasticizer can be used as the parameter that regulates the release rate. 

PVC resin BaZn stabihzer Calcium carbonate EVA polymer DOP plasticizer Stearic acid lubricant Titanium dioxide Pigment... 

It is suggested that the plasticization of a low density polyethylene, LDPE, occurs inside the spherulitic crystallite in the interlamellar and interfibrillar regions. DOP-plasticized LDPE melts at lower temperatures as a result of plasticization. ... 

DOA. DOA plasticized polyvinyl chloride has a lower brittleness temperature than does a DOP plasticized polyvinyl chloride at the same hardness level. 

Typical raw materials for these masterbatches are NBR, PVC, DOP (plasticizer), and curatives. 

Early experiments at Bell Laboratories used 10-15phr tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) with DOP plasticizer in PVC and PVC/CPE blends with Ba/Cd stabilizers. These vulcanizates had good abrasion, cut-through, and crush resistance, but low elongation, poor color hold, and variable conductor... 

PVC has slightly better-low-temperature brittleness than does the DOP-plasticized PVC. At equivalent Shore A 70 hardness, L9P and DINA give improvements in brittleness temperature by about —10 and —28 °C, respectively, versus DOP. As Fig. 7.3 also suggests, the low-temperature brittleness of DINA blends with any of the phthalates will fall in the expected intermediate ranges, as a function of the plasticizer blend composition. 

A sensor for anionic surfactants with a membrane consisting of 33 % (m m) PVC, 66 % dioctylphthalate (DOP) plasticizer, and 1 % tridodecylmethylammonium... 

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