Domain-engineered crystals

Figure 18.5 Possible domain orientation states in an unpoled rhombohedral crystal and in the domain-engineered crystal poled along the [001] direction.

Davis, M Budimir, M Damjanovic, D and Setter, N. (2007) Rotatorand extender ferroelectrics Importance of the shear coefficient to the piezoelectric properties of domain-engineered crystals and ceramics./. Appl. Phys., 101 (5),... 

Finally, the formation of artificial small inverted domain was reported to demonstrate that sndm system is very useful as a nano-domain engineering tool. The nano-size domain dots were successfully formed in LiTa03 single crystal. This means that we can obtain a very high density ferroelectric data storage with the density above 1 Tbits/inch2. 

Therefore, we have concluded that the sndm is very useful for observing ferroelectric nano domain and local crystal anisotropy of dielectric material with sub-nano meter resolution and also has a quite high potential as a nano-domain engineering tool. 

Structural characterization of NRPSs has yielded significant insight into the enzymology of these complex biosynthetic machines and has provided a framework for engineering these systems toward novel function. As summarized in this section, X-ray crystal and NMR structures have been determined for both individual NRPS domains and multidomain constructs. Overall, these studies support a monomeric structure for NRPS assembly line units where significant domain motion is necessary to allow participation of the various active sites in the chemistry leading to peptide products. 

Fig. 4. Computer graphics of the domain interface building the channel to the active center in PDC. The thiazolium ring of ThDP is visible at the bottom of the channel. A tryptophane residue (blue) has been engineered into the crystal structure of PDCS.u. by means of computer graphics. The picture was generated by J. Grotzinger using the program GRASP [181]...

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