DMSA 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic

Chelators that were not at all effective in rodent studies include monosodium glutamate, Tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene-disulfonic acid), DMSA (2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid), succinic acid, malic acid, CaNa2CTDA (cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid), and THPC, a cyclic derivative of EDTA (Kostial et al. 1979 Llobet et al. 1992b Ortega et al. 1989). 

Once patients are hemodynamically stable and gastrointestinal symptoms have subsided, parenteral chelation may be changed to oral chelation with either oral unithiol, or oral succimer (DMSA, 2-3 dimercaptosuccinic acid see p 501). A suggested dose of unithiol is 4-8 mg/kg orally every 6 hours. Alternatively, give succimer 7.5 mg/kg orally every 6 hours, or 10 mg/kg orally every 8 hours. 

Abbreviations BLL, blood lead level CaNa2EDTA, calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid CKD, chronic kidney disease DMSA, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid GFR, glomemlar filtration rate NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 

ALAD = delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase DMSA= dimercaptosuccinic acid NMDA= N-methyl- D-aspartate PCBs = polychlorinated biphenyls XRF = X-ray fluorescence... 

CHN Chinese herb nephropathy DMSA dimercaptosuccinic acid... 

DMSA dimercaptosuccinic acid HIV human immunodeficiency vims... 

DMSA dimercaptosuccinic acid, EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, HMPAO hexamethyl propyl-eneamine oxime, DADS J yM-bis(mercaptoacetyl)ethylenediamine, DADT diaminodithiol, ECD ethylcysteinate dimer, MAG3 mercaptoacetyltriglycine, NOEt Et(OEt)NCS2, DTPA diethylene triamine pentaacetate, MDP methylenediphosphonate, HIDA N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl) iminodiacetic acid, DMPE l,2-bis(dimethylphosphino) ethane, BATO boronic acid technetium oxime, MIBI methoxyisobutyl isocyanide... 

MDP methylenediphosphonate, HSA human serum albumin, DMSA dimercaptosuccinic acid, DTPA diethylene triamine pentaacetate, HIDA hepatoiminodiacetic acid, EC ethylene dicysteine, HSA human serum albumin, MIBI monodentate methoxyisobutyl isocyanide, MAG3 mercaptoacetyltrigly-cine, ECO ethylene dicysteine dimer, HMPAO hexamethylpropylene amine oxime a eluate (370 MBq), Tc is not considered... 

Laughlin NK University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl Validate the efficacy of chelation agents such as succimer (dimercaptosuccinic acid, DMSA) not only to reduce body lead stores in young children but also to alleviate neurobehavioral and target organ toxicity (Rhesus monkey) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences... 

Strupp BJ Cornell University, Ithaca, NY The efficacy of dimercaptosuccinic acid National Institute of (DMSA) in alleviating Pb-induced Environmental Health cognitive dysfunction Sciences ... 

BAL is the standard treatment for poisoning by arsenic compounds and will alleviate some effects from exposure to arsenic vesicants. It may also decrease the severity of skin and eye lesions if applied topically within minutes after decontamination is complete (i.e., within 2-5 minutes postexposure). Additional chelating agents for the treatment of systemic arsenic toxicity include meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and 2,3-dimercapto-l-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS). 

Chen, S. et al., Persistent effect of in utero meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)on immune function and lead-induced immunotoxicity, Toxicology 132,67, 1999. 

A simple method for preparing gold MPCs using dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) as reducing and stabilizing agent has been reported. The core sizes are in the range 10 to 13 atoms (about 0.8nm), as observed in mass spectroscopic analysis [76]. 

Antidotal effects of 2,3-dimercaptopropane-l-sulfonic (DMPS) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic (DMSA) acids on the toxicity of dibutyltin dichloride in rats were... 

Karman, G.M., Flora, S.J.S. (2004). Combined administration of meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) or monoisoamyl DMSA with an antioxidant for the treatment of chronic experimental arsenic poisoning in rats. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 58 37-43. 

Kreppel, H., Reichl, F.X., Klein, A., Szincz, L., Singh, P.K., Jones, M.M. (1995). Antidotal efficacy of newly synthesized dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) monoesters in experimental poisoning in mice. Fundam Appl. Toxicol. 26 239-45. 

A chelator should be given if there is dyspnea, pulmonary edema, or skin bums larger than pahn size (Goldfrank et al, 2002). BAL is the traditional arsenic chelator, but it has numerous side effects. The deep intramuscular injections are very painful and BAL can cause hypertension, tachycardia, and vomiting. 2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA, Succimer ) can also be used to chelate arsenic (Graziano et al, 1978). 2,3-Dimercapto-l-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) is used in Europe and has been effective in protecting rabbits from the lethal effects of lewisite (Aposhian et al, 1982). 

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