Divalent compounds containing

The final possible mode of action for an antioxidant is as a peroxide decomposer. In the sequences that lead to photodegradation of a polymer the ready fragmentation of the hydroperoxide groups to free radicals is the important step. If this step is interfered with because the peroxide has undergone an alternative decomposition this major source of initiation is removed. The additives which act by decomposing hydroperoxide groups include compounds containing either divalent sulfur or trivalent phosphorus. The mechanism involves... 

In view of this the divalent lanthanide ions are expected to show intense optical absorption in the whole visible region in compounds containing M(d°) ions. Since these compounds are not easy to prepare, our earlier warning is relevant. Only results on well-prepared and characterized compounds may be... 

A highly reactive compound containing a neutral divalent carbon with two nonbondmg electrons (ie.,. CR2 or a substitution derivative). The nonbonding electrons can have parallel spins (triplet state) or antiparallel spins (singlet state). The parent species, iCRz, is also known as methylene. A number of carbene derivatives have been used as photoaffinity labels of proteins. Irradiation of 3 -0-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl-ATP will cause 70% inactivation of mitochondrial Fi-ATPase. ... 

Cyclic compounds containing Si2E2 rings (10.56, E = S, Se) are also formed from the reaction of a stable silylene with sulfur or selenium [eqn (10.37)]. The reaction of the divalent germanium compound Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 with... 

Polar structures must be used for compounds containing an atom in a higher valence state, such as sulfur or phosphorus. Thus, if we treat sulfur in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) formally as a divalent atom, the... 

It is of note that alkaline and acid phosphatase exhibit no silikatase activity. Divalent sulfur-containing compounds, such as sulfide, methionine, cysteine and glutathione have a positive effect on silica uptake536) also water temperature and silica concentration in the aqueous phase control the Si-cycle in cellular systems529-531, 53 ). 

Bleomycin Bleomycin is incompatible and loses its potency if it is administered with solutions of benzylpenicillin sodium, carbenicillin, cephazolin or cephalothin sodium, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, mitomycin, methotrexate, nafcillin sodium, aminophylline, ascorbic acid, terbutaline, divalent and trivalent cations (especially copper), compounds containing sulfhydryl groups, and precipitation by hydrophobic anions, essential amino acids, riboflavine, dexamethasone, and frusemide. 

Neutral phosphorus(V) compound containing divalent tridentate azo ligands were studied by Cavell and coworkers.83 The 31P and, 9F chemical shifts and /(31P, 19F) coupling constants are collected in Tables 9 and 10 for (2,2 -azophenoxy)trifluorophosphorus (22), /rans-(2,2 -azophenoxy)(trifluoro-methyl)difluorophosphorus (23) and cis-(2,2 -azophenoxy)(trifluoromethyl) difluorophosphorus (24). 

Compounds containing divalent tellurium, in which the tellurium atom is bonded via one or more heteroatoms to at least one carbon atom, can be formally considered as mixed anhydrides formed from telluroxylic acid and another acid, for instance a dithiocarboxylic acid. 

The following types of compounds are classified as tellurenic acids or tellurenic acid derivatives. These compounds contain divalent tellurium. 

Only a few examples of this class of compounds containing divalent tellurium are known. The aryl tellurium nitrates and perchlorates have been isolated only in the form of their adducts with thiourea, triphenylarsine oxide, or as hetaryl A -oxidcs. 

The first synthesis of an organometallic compound containing both divalent and tetravalent tin has been performed according to Eq. (32). 

XS = sulfonation, M = methylolation, MO = miscellaneous oxidation, G = grafting, P = phenolation, CM = carboxymethylation, MAC = maleic anhydride copolymerization, MCR = miscellaneous carboxyla-tion reactions, E = epichlorohydrin (also in conjunction with pheno-lated lignin), A = alkoxylation (i.e., ethylene, propylene, and butylene oxides), M+EP = modification with compounds containing unsaturated end groups ( divalent hydrocarbons ) followed by epoxidation with peroxide, MA = methacrylic acid. 

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