Diuretics acetazolamide

Acetazolamide, and probably other diuretics which inhibit carbonic anhydrase, cause a strong inhibition of proximal NaHCOg reabsorption and lithium reabsorption. However, unlike loop diuretics, acetazolamide does not interfere with tubuloglomerular feedback and causes a 20% decrease in glomerular filtration rate. The increase in absolute lithium excretion is somewhat lower than that caused by loop diuretics [22]. Colussi et al. [25] reported the effect of furosemide and acefazola-mide to be additive, indicating a dual site of action (i.e., inhibition of lithium reabsorption in both the proximal tubule and the loop of Henle). 

Malignant neoplasms Fanconi s syndrome Acute volume expansion Metabolic acidosis Renal transplantation Vitamin D deficiency and/or resistance Diuretics Acetazolamide Osmotic agents Glucocorticoids Sodium bicarbonate Internal redistribution Refeeding syndrome Parenteral nutrition... 

This development came about through a series of molecular modifications which began with the basic observation that certain sulfonamide drugs inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. The diuretic acetazolamide was one practical result of such investigations. 

D. Diuretics Acetazolamide, bumetanide, chlortalidone, etacrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, mannitol, mersalyl, spironolone, triamterene and related substances... 

Still other important and innovative new drugs were introduced during the same period, including the antihypertensive hydralazine, the anti-inflammatory drug phenylbutazone, the carbonic anhydrase inhibi-tor/diuretic acetazolamide, and isoniazid for the treatment of tuberculosis. 

Diuretics Acetazolamide Amiloride Bendroflumethiazide Benzthiazide Chlorothiazide Furosemide Hydrochlorohiiazide Hydroflumefliiazide Methyclofliiazide Metolazone Polythiazide Triamterene Trichlormethiazide... 

Diuretics Acetazolamide, dorzolamide Decreased secretion due to lack of HCO3 ion Oral (acetazolamide) or topical (dorzolamide)... 

Classes of substances currently banned by the IOC include stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, pseudoephedrine), narcotics (heroin, methadone), anabolic agents (testosterone, nandrolone), diuretics (acetazolamide, spironolactone), and peptide hormones and their mimetics and analogs (erythropoietin, human growth hormone). Alcohol and marijuana at specified levels are also prohibited. For the latter, a level of as little as 15 ng/mL of 11-nor-A°-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid is a violation of the rules. A complete... 

Acetazolamide, captopril, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, hydralazine, methazolamide, methyldopa, procainamide, thiazide diuretics, and ticlopidine... 

Causes of hypocalcemia include hypoparathyroidism, hypomagnesemia, alcoholism, hyperphosphatemia, blood product infusion (due to chelation by the citrate buffers), chronic renal failure, vitamin D deficiency, acute pancreatitis, alkalosis, and hypoalbuminemia. Medications that cause hypocalcemia include phosphate replacement products, loop diuretics, phenytoin (Dilantin, available as generic), pheno-barbital (available as generic), corticosteroids, aminoglycoside antibiotics, and acetazolamide (available as generic).34,39,42... 

The answer is c. (Hardman, pp 6917 693 J Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with its primary site of action at the proximal tubule of the nephron. Acetazolamide promotes a urinary excretion of Na, K, and bicarbonate There is a decrease in loss of Cl ions The increased excretion of bicarbonate makes the urine alkaline and may produce metabolic acidosis as a consequence of the loss of bicarbonate from the blood. None of the other diuretic drugs promote a reduction in the excretion of the Cl ion... 

Acetazolamide is a weak diuretic with limited use in edema associated with cardiac insufficiency, glaucoma, minor epileptic attacks, and altitude sickness. Synonyms of this drag are midamor, modamide, cetazol, diamox, dicarb, and others. 

Drugs that may be affected by aspirin include ACE inhibitors, acetazolamide, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants (hydantoins, valproic acid), beta blockers, diuretics, methotrexate, NSAIDs, oral hypoglycemics, and uricosuric agents (probenecid, sulfinpyrazone). 

Dose increases Increasing the dose of acetazolamide does not increase diuresis and may increase drowsiness or paresthesia it often results in decreased diuresis. However, very large doses have been given with other diuretics to promote diuresis in complete refractory failure. 

Cross-sensitivity Cross-sensitivity between antibacterial sulfonamides and sulfonamide derivative diuretics, including acetazolamide and various thiazides, has been reported. 

Drugs that may affect lithium include acetazolamide, carbamazepine, fluoxetine, haloperidol, loop diuretics, methyidopa, NSAIDs, osmotic diuretics, theophyllines. 

The risk of tachycardia, hypertension, and cardiotoxicity is increased with coadministration of dronabinol (an antiemetic) and dextroamphetamine. In addition, administration of dextroamphetamine with MAOIs may increase the risk of hypertensive crisis. Al-kalinizing agents can speed absorption (e.g., antacids) or delay urinary excretion (e.g., acetazolamide, thiazide diuretics) of dextroamphetamine, thus potentiating its effects. Gastric or urinary acidifying agents (e.g., ascorbic acid, ammonium chloride) can decrease the effects of dextroamphetamine. Propoxyphene overdose can potentiate amphetamine central nervous system stimulation, potentially resulting in fatal convulsions. 

The development of sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors was based on the observation that antibacterial sulfanilamides produce alkaline urine. This discovery led to the development of acetazolamide (8.29), a thiadiazole derivative. It is not an ideal drug because it promotes K+ excretion and causes a very high urine pH. Since chloride ions are not excreted simultaneously, systemic acidosis also results. Much more useful are the chlorothiazide (8.30) derivatives, which are widely used as oral diuretic drugs. These compounds differ from one another mainly in the nature of the substituent on C3 ... 

Acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) used as diuretic by increasing bicarbonate excretion and thus acidosis occur as side effect which is related to its pharmacological action. 

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