Redistribution internal

This process, which predominates at low temperatures, causes migration of internal ketal stmctures along a chain but does not involve the dissociation to separate aryloxy radicals that occurs during the redistribution process. 

For straight metal pipe under internal pressure the formula for minimum reqiiired w thickness is applicable for D /t ratios greater than 6. Tme more conservative Barlow and Lame equations may also be used. Equation (10-92) includes a factor Y varying with material and temperature to account for the redistribution of circumferential stress which occurs under steady-state creep at high temperature and permits slightly lesser thickness at this range. 

As contrasted with stress from sustained loads such as internal pressure or weight, displacement stresses may be permitted to cause hm-ited overstrain in various portions of a piping system. When the system is operated initially at its greatest displacement condition, any yielding reduces stress. When the system is returned to its origin condition, there occurs a redistribution of stresses which is referred to as self-springing. It is similar to cold springing in its effects. 

Internal uniform distribution Properly designed devices to distribute and redistribute liquid entering the column is critical to obtain best performance of these types of packings. 

Tliere are examples that cells have an intracellular reserve of functional transporter moieties EAAC1, GAT1, CHT are predominantly - while NET only in some nerve cells - localized in the cell interior where transporters are stored membrane-bound in vesicles. Regulation occuts by transporter redistribution. Increased surface density leads to increased transport capacity while transporter internalization suppresses uptake. 

Packings of random and structured character are suited especially to towers under 3 ft dia and where low pressure drop is desirable. With proper initiai distribution and periodic redistribution, voiumetric efficiencies can be made greater than those of tray towers. Packed internals are used as replacements for achieving greater throughput or separation in existing tower shells. 

In studies of molecular dynamics, lasers of very short pulse lengths allow investigation by laser-induced fluorescence of chemical processes that occur in a picosecond time frame. This time period is much less than the lifetimes of any transient species that could last long enough to yield a measurable vibrational spectrum. Such measurements go beyond simple detection and characterization of transient species. They yield details never before available of the time behavior of species in fast reactions, such as temporal and spatial redistribution of initially localized energy in excited molecules. Laser-induced fluorescence characterizes the molecular species that have formed, their internal energy distributions, and their lifetimes. 

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