Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles

Residue in Distiller s Dried Grains with Solubles... 

Knott, J., Shurson, J., and Gohil, J. (2003), Variation in Particle Size and Bulk Density of Distiller s Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) Produced by "New Generation" Ethanol Plants in Minnesota and South Dakota, (Website http //www.ddgs.umn.edu/ research-quality/variation.pdf). Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota. Last modified 9/11/03. 

Ciftci, O. N., and F. Temelli. 2013. Continuous Biocatalytic Conversion of the Oil of Com Distiller s Dried Grains with Solubles to Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Biomass and Bioenergy 54 (0) 140-146. 

Liquefied biomass may contain low molecular weight polymers. These low molecular weight polymers can be directly used as final products such as adhesive (glue) (Chen and Chen, 1996). They also can be copolymerized to produce other polymeric materials such as polyurethane, polyester, fibers, and so on. If they are blended with other biomass particles, such as lignocellulosic particles or distiller s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), high density panels or molded articles can be produced. 

By-Products. After the removal of alcohol, the fermentation residues are processed to produce distillers grains. These residues consist of proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, and fiber that are concentrated threefold by removal of the starch. Distillers grains are usually divided into one of four groups including distillers dry grains (DDG), distillers dry solubles (DDS), distillers dry grains with solubles (DDG/S), and condensed distillers solubles (CDS). 

Dong, F.M., Rasco, B.A., and Gazzaz, S.S. 1987. A protein quality assessment of wheat and com distillers dried grains with solubles. Cereal Chem. 64 327-332. 

Cromwell, G.L., Herkelmad, K.L. and Stahly, T.S. (1993) Physical, chemical, and nutritional characteristics of distillers dried grains with solubles for chicks and pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71,679-686. 

Lumpkins, B.S., Batal, A.B. and Dale, N.M. (2004) Evaluation of distillers dried grains with solubles as a feed ingredient for broilers. Poultry Science 83, 1891-1896. 

Swiatkiewicz, S. and Koreleski, J. (2006) Effect of maize distillers dried grains with solubles and dietary enzyme supplementation on the performance of laying hens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 15, 253-260. 

Boucher, S.E., S. Calsamiglia, C.M. Parsons, H.H. Stein, M.D. Stem, P.S. Erickson, P.L. Utterback and C.G. Schwab, 2009. Intestinal digestibility of amino acids in rumen undegradable protein estimated using a precission-fed cecectomized rooster bioassay Soybean meal and SoyPlus. II. Distillers dried grains with solubles and fish meal. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 6056-6067. 

In most of today s ethanol plants for the conversion of wheat, rye and corn, the required thermal energy is provided by natural gas, heavy fuel oil or coal. The protein-rich by-products of ethanol plants are referred to as dried distillers grains with solubles , abbreviated as DDGS, and are mostly used for animal fodder. Alternatively, they can be converted to biogas for heat and electricity production. The resulting residue can then be used as fertiliser (see Table 7.16). 

Figure 1 shows an elementary schematic diagram for process flows within a typical dry mill operation. A proposed process for converting the residual starch and fiber in wet DG into ethanol and HDG and hydrolyzed distiller s grain with solubles (HDGS) is shown schematically in Fig. 2. 

Jacob, M. E., Fox, J. T., Drouillard, J. S., Renter, D. G., and Nagaraja, T. G. (2009b). Evaluation of feeding dried distiller s grains with solubles and dry-rolled corn on the fecal prevalence of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 and Salmonella spp. in cattle. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 6,145-153. 

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