Particulate material, dissolved and

As a starting point we can view the ocean as one large reservoir to which materials are continuously added and removed (Fig. 10-17). The major sources of material include rivers and winds, which carry dissolved and particulate materials from the continents to the sea. The major removal process is the formation of marine sediments both by settling of particles through the water column as well as by precipitation of insoluble solid phases. For many ele-... 

In natural waters and soil and sediment systems one needs to distinguish analytically between dissolved and particulate material. Fig. 7.1 classifies various types of particulate and dissolved materials. Obviously, operational distinguishing (e.g., based on filtration or centrifugation) between "dissolved" and "particulate" matter merely by filtration is often not able to discriminate between particles and solutes, because size distribution of aquatic components vary in a continuous matter from Angstroms to microns. 

The terms in the nutrient balance of a riparian wetland are essentially the same as those in a traditional wetland ricefleld in a river floodplain or delta, though of course the magnitudes differ. Inputs are delivered along the stream course as dissolved material and sediment, and in lateral runoff from neighbouring upland dissolved and particulate material is filtered, absorbed, adsorbed and variously transformed in the wetland, and flows out in runoff and percolation. 

Figure 9.19. Major agents responsible for transfer of dissolved and particulate materials to and from the oceans. Fluxes in units of 1014 g y 1.

The conventional definition for dissolved and particulate materials is the fraction of total material that passes through or is retained on a membrane filter with a nominal pore size of 0.45 pm, respectively. 

Line source the collective inputs of dissolved and particulate materials to a coastal zone from a series of estuaries in close geographic proximity. 

Dagg, M., Benner, R., Lohrenz, S., and Lawrence, D. (2004) Transformation of dissolved and particulate materials on continental shelves influenced by large rivers plume processes. Cont. Shelf Res. 24, 833-858. 

Dissolved and Particulate Material. It was earlier believed that the dissolved and particulate organic material was produced primarily by the death and breakdown of the phytoplankton and zooplankton. It is... 

L. Ayoub, B.R. Hargreaves, D.P. Morris (1997). UVR attenuation in lakes Relative contribution of dissolved and particulate material. Ocean Optics XIII, SPIE, 2963, 338-352. 

The products of weathering are removed from the watershed as dissolved and particulate material. Baseflow of the stream for the year of record removed 1.5 metric tons of dissolved material, or 0.015 metric tons per acre. This figure is a minimum value, and would be increased by material leaving the basin by deeper circulation and by flood flow. 

Rivers serve as a major source of buoyancy and dissolved and particulate materials. They contribute significantly to the freshwater flow and terrestrial... 

The effluent wastewater from a CMP tool contains dissolved and particulate material that is removed from the wafer during the CMP operation, as well as the slurries, associated rinse waters, and residual materials from the pads and pad conditioning. The quantity and composition of wafer material added to the waste-water depends on the composition and thickness of the layers removed from the wafer surface, which may range from a few nanometers to 100 or more nanometers. If, for instance, a 100 nm blanket layer of Cu is removed from a 300 mm diameter wafer surface then 64 mg of Cu per wafer would be added to the wastewater. Similarly the removal of a 100 nm blanket layer of Si02 would generate a mixture of dissolved and particulate Si02. 

Twardowski, M.S., Sullivan, J.M., Donaghay, RL., and Zaneveld, J.R.V. (1999). Microscale quantification of the absorption by dissolved and particulate material in coastal waters with an ac-9. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol, 16(12) 691-707. 

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