Bar soaps formulation

In bar soap formulations, the product attributes are highly affected by the types and ratios of different oils and fats. A detailed description of the quality of oils and fats used for soaps has been given by Shirhatti et al. [39]. 

Bar Soap Additives. There are a variety of additives that may be formulated into soap bars to provide additional consumer benefits or modify the performance of the products. 

Thus, a combination of coconut (C10 C12) and tallow (C16 -C1X) fatty acids is most suitable from the viewpoint of providing a balance in lathering attributes to deliver consumer-acceptable lather. Commonly accepted ratios of these soap feedstocks are 80-85 percent tallow and 15-20 percent coconut oil for standard purpose bars and 60-70 percent tallow, 30-40 percent coconut oil for the higher lathering bar-soap products. Cleansing bars formulated with free fatty acids (superfatting) improves the quickness of lather generation and provides an open bubbly foam. Commonly accepted levels... 

Body washes are another more recent introduction into the marketplace. These products have become a mainstay in the European market and, in only a few years, have grown to be a significant fraction of the U.S. market. Body washes can be simple formulas similar to those used for liquid handsoaps or complex 2-in-l oil-in-water emulsion, moisturizing formulations. These products contain a wide range of synthetic surfactants not typically found in bar soaps or liquid handsoaps. 

Classified in Category III when formulated in a bar soap used with water. 

There are a variety of additives that may be formulated into soap bars to provide additional consumer benefits or modify the performance of the products. In all cases a key consideration must be the mode of addition of the additive. If additives are mixed using low shear then it is likely that they will exist within the product as macroscopic domains and as such will not impact the overall bar soap phase chemistry. However, the presence of such large defects is liable to disturb bar macrostructure and produce effects ranging from bar cracking, insoluble lumps, uneven bar wear and poor economy. The actual behavior will depend both on the physical nature and chemistry of the additive and its domain size in the bar. Conversely if the additive is mixed using high shear then it has the potential to disturb the soap phase chemistry which is liable to impact all of the aforementioned bar properties, but the magnitude and type of effect will be different for any particular additive. 

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