Dispensing procedure examples

The list above covers the basic dispensing procedure and each stage will require a standard operating procedure. Figure 1.1 shows an example of a standard operating procedure for the reception of a prescription form within a community pharmacy. 

In the particular example shown, zinc sulfate and barium hydroxide are being dispensed into the test tube so as to precipitate the proteins. The filtrate obtained is the filtrate from 10 microliters of serum. This can be used for several purposes and in the application being referred to, an amount equivalent to 3 microliters is being used for sugar determination, by the hexokinase procedure and an amount equivalent to 3 microliters is being used for urea estimation with diacetylmonoxime (15). 

The DEA number is a unique character code which can be easily verified in most cases. The first two of the nine characters are alphabets. The first alphabet is either an A or B, or alternatively, a P or R the letters A and B designate a dispenser, while the letters P or R refer to a distributor. The second alphabet is derived from the first letter of the registrant s last name or his/ her business name. These two alphabets cannot always be verified. The third to ninth positions from left represent a seven digit number which can be verified. To understand the procedure, an example of DEA AB 0494168 verification is provided here. 

F. PVT Measurement of Gases. One of the primary advantages of the vacuum line manipulation of gases is the ease with which quantitative measurements are made. If the problem simply requires dispensing measured amounts of gas, a procedure such as the following may be employed. The ideal gas law is sufficiently accurate for most chemical work if the compounds are well removed from their condensation temperatures and pressures. For example, the van der Waals equation of state for CO2 indicates that 1 mmol of this gas in 25 mL will exert 749.7 torr pressure versus the ideal gas value of 748.4 torr. This disparity in pressures amounts to a 0.2% error, which is less that the other errors involved in routine PVT measurements, and is perfectly adequate for most chemical problems. 

Sandwich casting permits one to prepare an MIP film with uniform thickness [28, 106, 108, 109]. In this procedure, a drop of the solution containing a monomer, cross-linker, template and initiator is dispensed on the surface of a PZ transducer and covered with a microscope quartz slide. Then this assembly is exposed to UV light in order to initiate polymerization that results in a thin MIP film. The polymerization can be performed either on the activated immobilized initiator PZ transducer surface or on the bare transducer surface. For example, sialic acid has been determined with an MIP film immobilized on a platinum-film electrode of the quartz resonator using the former procedure [57]. That is, 1-butanethiol has been used for modification of the Pt surface. An indole-3-acetic acid plant hormone served as the template. An MIP-PZ chemosensor prepared that way operated reproducibly. That is, the coefficient of variation of the chemosensor performance was 9% for three different sensors. 

Solution-phase synthetic methods, as they were described for synthetic organic libraries, can also be applied to materials science and are devoid of the diffusion problems encountered in thin-film deposition. The reagent solutions are mixed and incubated following an appropriate procedure, and the final products are usually isolated by precipitation or crystallization. Automated liquid dispensing units with extreme precision and high rehabiUty can be used in synthetic protocols. No major differences are presented in respect to solution-phase organic library synthesis (see Section 8.2.4). Several examples are briefly illustrated below to provide a quick overview of the currently reported synthetic methods in solution for materials libraries. 

Extraction of dissolved air from the monomer solution is desirable for satisfactory polymerisation. Before pouring the gels, the solution may be placed in a small filter flask which is then evacuated on a water suction pump. The solution is allowed to bubble gently for about a minute, and is then ready for use. A very simple procedure, which is particularly convenient when the acrylamide solution is dispensed with a hypodermic syringe, is to draw it into the syringe, close off the end, for example with a pinched-off needle, and then draw back the plunger. This creates a partial vacuum above the liquid, which is sufficient to extract dissolved oxygen. 

This chapter has covered a number of examples of standard operating procedures and has shown how they are generated. Why not try making your own SOPs for your processes in dispensing classes Or if you undertake any work or vacation placements, try to identify other areas where SOPs would be useful. 

Sometimes the separate preparation of potassium phthalimide can be dispensed with and the free imide can be treated with the halide in the presence of potassium carbonate. The following example of this procedure illustrates also the technique for cleavage by hydrazine. 

As LIMS typically contain both the analysis values and the associated procedures, they hold much potential for integration with other paperless enablers to provide a streamlined paperless operation. Integration with other systems may include, for example, preassignment of analysis when a new batch is started on the plant floor, material status information for MRP II or ERP systems, electronic certificates of analysis for batch documentation, raw material characteristics for dispensing operation and others. It should be noted, however, that integrating LIMS with other paperless enablers outside the laboratory environment is a complex task. 

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