Disinfectant bacteriocidal

Silver and mercury salts have a long history of use as antibacterial agents.241-243 The use of mercurochrome ((40), Figure 18) as a topical disinfectant is now discouraged. Silver sulfadiazene (38) finds use for treatment of severe burns the polymeric material slowly releases the antibacterial Ag+ ion. Silver nitrate is still used in many countries to prevent ophthalmic disease in newborn children.244 The mechanism of action of Ag and Hg is through slow release of the active metal ion—inhibition of thiol function in bacterial cell walls gives a rationale for the specificity of bacteriocidal action. 

These tests are used to test a new raw material or a complete formula. They are also used to support claim substantiation. They are easy, safe, and cheap tests and are designed to simulate actual use conditions. The first three of the tests discussed below can be used to screen products for either handwash products or for efficacy as surface disinfectants, as they test for bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic action without reference to a surface. The last two tests are specifically used to document surface disinfection claims. 

Ishidate et al. 133,205-208 found that isoxazolidinium salts 47a and the like are effective in the therapy of malignant tumors and have strong biological activity toward Yoshida sarcoma. It appears that the salt 47d is inactive to Yoshida sarcoma.153,56,2°9 The relation between the size of the alkyl substituent in the salt 75 and its antibacterial action was investigated. The bacteriostatic action is maximal with R = CI2H2J, which is still active toward Staphylococcus aureus 209P with the maximum dilution of 400,000. For use as a disinfectant or a bacteriocide the salt of 75 is possible.30... 

Hydrogen peroxide is used industrially to bleach wood pulp, textiles, straw, and leather. It is also used extensively in pollution control efforts. It is a valuable reagent in the syntheses of both organic chemicals (epoxides, peroxy compounds, and oxides) and inorganic chemicals (perborates and percarbondates). Familiar domestic uses of dilute 3% solutions of hydrogen peroxide include its application as a hair bleach and as a mild disinfectant. The efficacy of H2O2 as an antiseptic and bacteriocide is, however, somewhat dubious consequently, the household use of peroxide has declined in recent years. 

Lower grades, such as sulfate pine oil are used for the flotation of metallic sulfide ores, including copper, zinc, nickel, iron, and lead. In textiles, the most important property of pine oil is its ability to reduce surface tension and interfacial tension between fiber and solution. Pine oil allows ingredients in wet-processing baths to get into fibers and to work immediately. Also, because of its bacteriocidal activity, it is used in almost all wet processing of cotton, silk, rayon, and woollen goods. Pine oil production has declined as a result of the decrease in the amount of pine oil used in cleaner and disinfectant products. The pine oil content of those products has dropped from 70-90% to 10-30% (182). 

---