Diphenyltin

A large spread of results, a poor between-bottle homogeneity (CK of ca. 48%) and a lack of stability precluded the certification of DPhT, for which no indicative value is proposed. The same situation was observed for MPhT in comparison to DPhT and a similar decision was taken. 

The certified values (unweighed mean of p accepted sets of results) and their uncertainties (half-width of the 95% confidence intervals) are given in Table 5.7 as mass fractions (based on dry mass). The three compounds are certified as mass fractions (mg kg ) of Sn(C4H9) (MBT), Sn(C4H9)2 (DBT) and Sn(C4H9)3 (TBT), respectively. 

---

Zinn-chlorwasserstoffsaure, /. chlorostannic acid, -diphenylchlorid, n. diphenyltin chloride. -Hiraht, m. tin wire. 

Kumar Das et al. obtained a unique hexacoordinated tetraorganotin compound, bis C,N-[3-(2-pyridyl)-2-thienyl] diphenyltin(IV). The crystal... 

The mixed halide-hydrides PhjSnHCl and PhjSnHBr have been prepared from the reaction of diphenyltin dihydride with the appropriate diphenyltin dihalides (274). 

Dithiastannacyclopentanes and dithiastannacyclohexanes have been obtained by treating diphenyltin dichloride with the appropriate lead dithiolates (230), e.g.,... 

In a modification of this method, the Sn-0 bonded compound can be generated in situ by partial acidolysis of a tin hydride, and, from the reaction between diphenyltin dihydride and carboxylic acids, a number of l,2-bis(acyloxy)-l,l,2,2-tetraphenylditins, (RC02)Ph2SnSnPh2(02CR) (e.g., R = CHj, CF3, PhaSi, or PhjGe), have been prepared (257, 258). 

The direct and indirect assessment of the aneuploidy-inducing potency of a number of organotin compounds was reported by Jensen et al. (1991a). The effects of dimethyltin dichloride, diphenyltin dichloride, trimethyltin chloride, tributyltin chloride, and triphenyl-tin chloride at 10 -10 mol/1 on chromosomal contractions in cultures of human peripheral lymphocytes were investigated. Diphenyltin dichloride, trimethyltin chloride, tributyltin chloride, and triphenyl-tin chloride appeared to be very strong inducers of chromosomal supercontraction, indicating that these compounds induce aneuploidy, probably by affecting... 

Monohalomonohydrotin compounds can be prepared in excellent yields by reactions of triphenyltin hydrides with dialkyl- or diphenyltin dihalides345 ... 

The oxidation in the last two reactions explains the anodic peak. Under the second cathodic wave an overall four-electron reduction yields a diphenyltin polymer and diphenyltin hydride ... 

Diphenyltin hydride Ph2SnH2 is stable in methanol. Polarography in MeOH/O.l M LiCl shows two oxidation waves which are to some extent dependent on the electrolyte. E /2 values are —0.27 and —0.12 (V vs SCE). The oxidation is shown by LSV to follow the reaction96 ... 

The mixed hydride chlorodiphenylstannane also forms by an exchange reaction with diphenyltin chloride and, in turn, converts rapidly to the dimer ... 

Further insertion of the absorbed diphenyltin unit into the Sn—Cl bond of the dimer explains the mixed polymeric Sn—Hg product ... 

TBT (tributyltin), TPT (triphenyltin), DBT (dibutyltin), Cy2MTA (dicyclohexylmethyltin acetate), TML (trimethyl-lead acetate), Cy2MTB (dicyclohexylmethyltin isobutyrate), DPT (diphenyltin), TMT (trimethyltin), DMA (dimethy-larsine), DMT (dimethyltin). 

Bis(tributyltin)oxide in antifouling paint was found to change to tributyltin chloride and an unknown organotin species by Allen and coworkers106. The organotin species appear to be held strongly within the paint film. In the case of triphenyltin chloride and triphenyltin acetate, evidence of dephenylation to form diphenyltin and monophenyltin compounds has been obtained. 

Phenyltin compounds significantly inhibit natural killer cell function and possible natural killer cell-mediated immunotoxic potential of these compounds in humans (Whalen et al. 1999). The toxic potential followed the order of triphenyltin > diphenyltin > monophenyltin however, phe-nyltins were less toxic than butyltins to human natural killer cells (Whalen et al. 1999). 

The number of organic substituents also influences interaction with lipid bilayers. Diphenyltin chloride causes disturbances of the hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayer, triphenyltin chloride adsorbs to the head-group region, and tetraphenyltin does not partition into the lipid bilayer [235-237]. Similar results were found for the butylated tins [238]. In addition, the mono-butyltin was homogeneously distributed within the lipid bilayer [238]. 

The triprotic corroles 64 form monoorganotin complexes of the type RSnlv(Cor). PhSn(Cor) is formed when octaethylcorrole reacts with diphenyltin oxide, or phenylmagnesium bromide reacts with ClSn(Cor). The tin is five-coordinate, and is placed 72.2(3) pm above the plane of the four nitrogen atoms, with the corrole assuming a domed structure. The compound is reversibly reduced by transfer of one electron into the 7r-system.511... 

Figure 1. IR spectra of condensation product of cotton with (A) diphenyltin dichloride and (B) dibutyltin dichloride...

Figure 2. TGA thermograms of products from dipropyltin dichloride (-----), tripropyltin dichloride ( ), dioctyltin dichloride (A/A/J, dibutyltin dichloride (-), diphenyltin dichloride (----------), and cotton itself (- -) at a heating rate of 20°C/min in air...

---