Chemokine receptors dimerization

Toth PT, Ren D, Miller RJ (2004) Regulation of CXCR4 receptor dimerization by the chemokine SDF-lalpha and the HIV-1 coat protein gpl20 a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) study. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 310 8-17 Tran PB, Miller RJ (2005) HIV-1, chemokines and neurogenesis. Neurotox Res 8 149-158 Tran PB, Ren D, Veldhouse TJ, Miller RJ (2004) Chemokine receptors are expressed widely by embryonic and adult neural progenitor cells. J Neurosci Res 76 20-34... 

Springael JY, Urizar E, Parmentier M. Dimerization of chemokine receptors and its functional consequences. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005 16(6) 611-623. 

Hemanz-Falcon P, Rodriguez-Frade JM, Serrano A, et al. Identification of amino acid residues crucial for chemokine receptor dimerization. Nat Immunol 2004 5(2) 216-223. 

Clustering of a certain number of CD4 and coreceptor molecules is presumed to be necessary for the efficient HIV-1 Env-mediated fusion pore formation. It has been proposed that four to six CCR5 molecules (91) and three CD4 binding events are needed to induce fusion between the viral and host cell membranes (92). Both CD4 (93) and chemokine receptors can form functional dimers (94) in the plasma membrane. It was proposed that formation of CD4 dimers, mediated by a disulfide bond between the cysteine residues of the D2 domain, might enhance HIV-1 entry and infection (95,96). In contrast, others have provided... 

Milligan G, Wilson S, Lopez-Gimenez JF. The specificity and molecular basis of alphal-adrenoceptor and CXCR chemokine receptor dimerization. J Mol Neurosci 2005 26 161-168. 

Rodriguez-Frade, J. M Mellado, M., and Martinez-A, C. (2001) Chemokine receptor dimerization two are better than one. Trends Immunol. 22,612-617. 

Arai, H., Tsou, C.-F., and Charo, I. F. (1997) Chemotaxis in a lymphocyte cell line transfected with C-C chemokine receptor 2B Evidence that directed migration is mediated by bg dimers released by activation of Gai-coupled receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 14,495-14,499. 

The classical view of GPCR signal transduction involves activation of trimeric G-proteins, and in the case of chemokine receptors, Gai is key, as indicated by their sensitivity to pertussis toxin. However, evolving theories of dimerization-induced signal transduction add an intermediate... 

Fig. 7. Structural model of CCR5 dimer association presented as a ribbon representation. TMl, TM2, and TM4 (labeled al, a2 and o4) participate directly in the interaction surface. The positions of the mutated residues, V150 and 152, are indicated on each of the subunits. Reprinted from Nature Immunology, with copyright permission from the Nature Publishing Group Hernanz, P., etal. (2004). Identification of amino acid residues crucial for chemokine receptor dimerization. Nature Immunology 5,216-22 i. (See Color Insert.)...

Thelen, M., and Baggiolini, M. (2001). Is dimerization of chemokine receptors functionally relevant Sci. STKE 2001, PE34. 

Receptor dimerization upon ligand binding has been described mostly for the growth factor receptor however, recent reports have also suggested heterodimerization for seven-transmembrane receptors, including chemokine receptors (31 -33). It has been proposedthat che-... 

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