Diluents dextrose

Parenteral product should be mixed with saline instead of dextrose diluents... 

IV administration - Do not exceed 1.5 mL/min of a 10% concentration (or its equivalent), except in cases of severe eclampsia with seizures. Dilute IV infusion solutions to a concentration of 20% or less prior to IV administration. The most commonly used diluents are 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride Injection. 

Admixture compatibility- Digoxin injection can be administered undiluted or diluted with a 4-fold or greater volume of sterile water for injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, or 5% dextrose injection. The use of less than 4-fold volume of diluent could lead to precipitation of the digoxin. Immediate use of the diluted product is recommended. 

Administration An in-line filter must be used. Administer over 30 minutes. A dedicated line is not required however, flush the IV line before and after administration with 0.9% sodium chloride injection, lactated Ringer s injection, or 5% dextrose injection. Do not administer with other drugs or diluents, as this may cause incompatibilities. 

IM administration Reconstitute cefepime with the following diluents Sterile Water for Injection, 0.9% Sodium Chloride, 5% Dextrose Injection, 0.5% or 1 % lidocaine hydrochloride, or Sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection with parabens or benzyl alcohol. 

Do not mix or co-infuse ertapenem with other medications. Do not use diluents containing dextrose ( -D-glucose). 

Incompatibilities Daptomycin is not compatible with dextrose-containing diluents. Do not add additives or other medications to daptomycin single-use vials or infuse simultaneously through the same IV line. 

Admixture incompatibiiities Do not mix or coinfuse caspofungin with other medications, because there are no data available on the compatibility of caspofungin with other IV substances, additives, or medications. Do not use diluents containing dextrose ( -d-glucose), because caspofungin is not stable in diluents containing dextrose. 

To be reconstituted in 5 mL diluent of choice from an IV bag. The following preservative-free diluents are recommended for reconstitution 5% dextrose injection (D5W), USP 0.9% sodium chloride injection, USP 5%... 

Take, for example, dextrose. When dextrose is used as a sweetener in baked goods, it is a food ingredient and subject to the requirements of food products. When dextrose is used as a sweetener or diluent in tablet, capsule, or liquid preparations, it is an excipient. When it is used in the manufacture of sterile dextrose injection, it is an active drug substance and an API but now... 

Reconstituted solutions (lOmg/mL, pH 3.5 ) are reported to be stable for at least 24 hours at room temperature and at least 96 hours when refrigerated, and when photoprotected (40). Solutions, further diluted with 5% dextrose or 0.9% sodium chloride diluent, remain stable for 24 hours under refrigeration and 8 hours when stored at room temperature and photoprotected (Product Information, DTIC-Dome, 1998). 

The final phase is formulation, wherein a diluent is chosen for the protein, incorporating the best mix of fluids, buffers, stabilizers, and minerals to achieve optimal protein stability, maximal shelf life, and patient acceptability. Sterile water, normal saline, and dextrose 5% in water are three common diluents. Variables to deal with include protein traits and patient-disease factors. Formulation of proteins is confounded by the general delicate nature of proteins and the many degrading processes that can occur with them (Table 2). 

Polysorbate 80 is a surfactant commonly used in protein parenteral formulations to minimize denaturation at the air-water interface. Polysorbate 80 is also sometimes used in injectable solution formulations of small molecules for the purpose of solubility enhancement owing to micelle formation. Docetaxel, a first-line therapeutic to treat breast and small cell lung cancer, is practically insoluble in water and is solubilized in Taxotere to 40mg/ml in 100% polysorbate 80, and is diluted four-fold with the supplied diluent of 13% ethanol in water, then further diluted to 0.3-0.74mg/ml with saline or dextrose 5% prior to administration by rV infusion. The dose of Taxotere is up to 5 ml of polysorbate 80 per dose, representing the estimated maximum amount administered intravenously. 

Local reactions to intravenous iron dextran include transient pain (in some 4% of cases) and phlebitis. The risk of the latter may be reduced by using saline instead of 5% dextrose as diluent. Nevertheless, deep vein thrombosis has been observed in a few patients infused with a dilution of iron dextran in normal saline (SED-8, 514). 

When the drug is given intravenously a potential problem due to fluid volume load may arise. Because TMP-SMZ is relatively unstable in solution, it is the recommendation of the manufacturers that each ampule of TMP-SMZ (80 mg of TMP and 400 mg of SMZ) be dissolved in 75 to 125 ml of 5% dextrose in water. This relatively large water load may lead to hyponatremia, particularly in predisposed patients, such as those with impaired renal function, borderline cardiorespiratory status, AIDS with increased AVP levels, and in those treated with high dose TMP-SMZ [71-73]. The use of a smaller volume (50 ml) of isotonic sodium chloride solution as diluent for TMP-SMZ should mitigate this potential problem [74]. 

Shukla AJ, Price JC. Effect of moisture content on compression properties of two dextrose-based directly compressible diluents. Pharm Res 1991 8(3) 336-340. 

Dextrose is widely used in solutions to adjust tonicity and as a sweetening agent. Dextrose is also used as a wet granulation diluent and binder, and as a direct-compression tablet diluent and binder, primarily in chewable tablets. Although dextrose is comparable as a tablet diluent to lactose, tablets produced with dextrose monohydrate require more lubrication, are less friable, and have a tendency to harden. The mildly reducing properties of dextrose may be used when tableting to improve the stability of active materials that are sensitive to oxidation. 

Levarterenol bitartrate may be stored at pH 3.6 in a well-filled ampul in the presence of 0.1% NaHS03. Exposure to air, in an alkaline or neutral pH resulted in deterioration of the sample accompanied by a darkening of the solution to a brown color. Dilution of levarterenol in plasma, 5% dextrose, or saline containing ascorbic acid resulted in no significant loss of activity after 9 hours at room temperature. Saline diluent without ascorbic acid allowed loss of activity. Levarterenol as the bitartrate salt or in the free base form behaved similarly. 

Dextrose and albumin (human), USP (15 mg each/vial) are added as stabilizers. Lyophilized Betaseron is a sterile, white to off-white powder intended for subcutaneous injection after reconstitution with the diluent supplied (sodium chloride, 0.54% solution). 

A 10 mmol L stock coelenterazine solution was prepared by dissolving coelenterazine (Nanolight Technology, Prolume Ltd. Pinetop, AZ, USA) in methanol for use at a final concentration of 10 /tmol L". All coelenterazine solutions were stored at -20 °C and working solutions were kept on ice in the dark during preparation. Diluent buffers comprised distilled water (dH20), Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Buffer A (10 mmol L Tris [pH 7.8], 1 mmol L EDTA, 0.6 mol L NaCl), 7H9 medium supplemented with Tween-80 with or without 10% OADC (oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, catalase), Luria-Bertani (LB) broth with or... 

Dextrose, glucose USP, Ph. Eur., JP Direct compression diluent, often used in chewable tablets. 

Parenteral formulations are often reconstituted or diluted in the clinic and hospital with standard solutions (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose, and Ringer s solution). Compatibility with these diluents and administration sets, as well as in-use stability, should be evaluated. Co-administration of multiple drugs via a Y-site connection is common in hospitals. Precipitation, color change, decomposition or adsorption of the active drugs can occur. Turbidimetric and particulate measurements are often used for the evaluation of solution physical stability in addition to visual inspection [65]. 

Crude ficin (latex) is cream to pinkish in color and has an acidic pH (usually 3-4). It is usually purified by filtration, followed by spray-drying. Commercial purified ficin is not pure ficin but is a mixture of several proteases and small amounts of other enzymes (e.g., peroxidases) in addition to diluents (e.g., lactose, dextrose, or starch) and other constituents. ... 

Crude, extracts, and oils. Currently there are no standards for ginseng. Powdered ginseng and ginseng extracts should be tested for ginsenosides and ginseng polysaccharides, as well as diluents such as dextrose, lactose, com symp, and caramel. Chromatographic methods are available and can be used." ... 

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