Digestive system liver

The success of the journey depends principally on the physical properties of the drug. First of all, it has to be chemically stable and not break down in the acid conditions of the stomach. Secondly, it has to be metabolically stable so that it survives the hydrolytic enzymes present in the digestive system, liver, and blood-... 

Right after feeding, the digestive system is breaking down food and dumping nutrients (amino acids, free fatty acids, and carbohydrate) into the portal system and then to liver and ultimately into the rest of the circulation (Fig. 17-6). The key here is that all tissues take in these nutrients, burn only what they need at the moment, and store the rest. 

Figure 8.3 Specialized cells and tissues in our body develop in stages. The embryo inner cell mass develops into three layers the outer layer, or ectoderm, that will become skin, eyes, and nerves the inner cell layer, the endoderm, that develops into the lungs, liver, and the lining of our digestive system and the middle layer, the mesoderm, that develops into bones, muscle, and blood.

Grek O, Kolpakov M, Bashkirov Yu et al (2000) Use of Enterosgel for correction of disturbance of liver function in experimental chronic toxic hepatitis. In Clinical use of Enterosgel preparation in patients with pathology of organs of digestive system, Moscow (In Russian), pp 63-66... 

Exposure to monochlorobenzene usually occurs by inhalation or skin contact. It is an irritant and affects the respiratory system, liver, skin, and eyes. Ingestion of this compound has caused incoordination, pallor, cyanosis, and eventual collapse, effects similar to those of aniline poisoning (see Section 15.3). Workers exposed to chlorobenzene have complained of headaches, numbness, sleepiness, and digestive symptoms, including nausea and vomiting. In general, most of these workers were exposed to other substances as well, so it is uncertain that their symptoms were due to chlorobenzene alone. 

Toxins from plants may affect internal organs, such as the heart, kidney, liver, and stomach. Because of their very different digestive systems involving multiple stomachs, ruminant animals may react differently to these toxins than do monogastric animals. Some major plant toxins that affect internal organs are summarized in Table 19.1. 

The essential oil has many beneficial effects and applications in aromatherapy for skin and hair care, as an antirheumatic, antispasmodic and calmative, for complaints of the respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems and for nervous disorders. The camphor type is best suited to the musculoskeletal system, and the 1,8-cineole for pulmonary congestion and efficient functioning of the liver and kidneys, with the verbenone being a safe nonirritant essential oil for skin and hair treatments. 

An MW-digestion system with a closed PTFE vessel was used to improve the leaching of inorganic constituents from biological samples with TMAH [2]. This new digestion method has been applied to the NIST SRM 1577b Bovine Liver... 

Alcohol is absorbed very quickly from the digestive system, enters the bloodstream, and reaches the brain, where it causes its effects on mood and behavior. The body has to work hard to eliminate alcohol it burns some of it as fuel and excretes some unchanged in the breath and urine. The burden of metabolizing alcohol falls especially on the liver. 

Most adverse events, possibly or probably related to moxifloxacin, were generally mild or moderate and were mostly related to the digestive system diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain with 200 mg/day diarrhea, liver function abnormalities, and nausea with 400 mg /day. The drugs were withdrawn because of adverse events in seven of 229 patients taking 200 mg/day, and 11 of 224 taking 400 mg/day. 

Drain cleaners may contain sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye), hydrochloric acid, or trichloro-ethane. Sodium or potassium hydroxide is a caustic irritant that can affect the central nervous system (CNS) inhibiting reflexes, cause burns to skin and eyes, and is poisonous if swallowed due to severe tissue damage. Hydrochloric acid is a corrosive irritant, causes damage to the kidneys, liver, and digestive system. Trichloroethane is a skin and eye irritant, causes central nervous system depression, and liver and kidney damage when ingested. 

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