Differences between academic and

The reasons for, and the importance of, research and development activities were discussed, particularly in section 3.3. This followed consideration of the various types of research and development in section 3.2.2. Differences between academic and industrial research were considered in section 3.4. University research is often basic or fundamental and may be carried out for its own intrinsic interest to add to the total knowledge base or pool. The results are usually freely available following publication in scientific journals. It is also often confined to a fairly narrow area of chemistry. 

Abstract There are no particular differences between academic and industrial liquid chromatography chiral separations. In industry, throughput needs and time requirements force for a search for solutions, i.e., enantiomeric fiill separations, without time for additional investigations that could lead to an even better solution. The three-point interaction model is historically recalled and ehallenged. The... 

It is probably fair to say that the academic studies conducted on the differences between formal and informal mentoring have an American bias. You might not perceive this as a big deal, but when you think back to the section in Chapter 1 regarding the different concepts of mentoring in America and Europe, you will appreciate the significance. Just to remind you, the American view of mentoring emphasizes protection and sponsorship, whilst the European view favours the mentee s insight and... 

Many or most of the results from data mining in industry went unpublished. More recently, when a few academic researchers gained access to data mining software, the weakly active compounds they found were excitedly published. This difference between industry and academia in handling similar kinds of results is a matter of priorities. In industry, the hrst priority is to hnd marketable products and get them out the door. In academia, the priority is to publish (especially in high-impact journals). Contrary to a common misconception, scientists in industry do publish, a point we return to below. 

Garbage in, garbage ont a nbiquitous phrase in chemometrics. As mnch as academics might debate the snbtleties of different model bnilding tools and methodologies, the difference between snccess and failnre for chemometrics in PAT more often boils down to the qnality of the data that is fed into the modeling... 

We talked about differences between industry and academia, particularly the value systems. In industry, there are clearly metrics for success and a better idea of what success means. The success of employees is more closely tied to the success of the company. In academia, the metrics for success are not as clear. For example, an academic institution may be considered successful if it keeps the student body numbers up. This provides the right number of undergraduates, who pay tuition to keep the institution going. But faculty salary increases and faculty promotions are not tied to that, except for institutions where the faculty spend most of their time doing undergraduate recruiting. 

There are major differences between academia and industry, but these are seldom recognized in contacts between academia and industry because people who want to collaborate tend to emphasize the similarities rather than focus on what divides them. Needless to say, the academic and the industry scientist have the same formal academic training they were often classmates. But from there on, three years after their paths diverged, there are huge differences, and they are often not emphasized. But if a scientist who has left... 

Figure 3.19 Bright-held images of aluminum alloy. The contrast difference between (a) and (b) is generated by tilting the specimen. Individual grains are marked with numbers. (Reproduced with permission from M. von Heimandahl, Electron Microscopy of Materials, Academic Press, New York. 1980 Elsevier B. V.)...

I thought it may be of interest, especially to academic chemists, for me to discuss some of my experiences in research on phosphorus chemistry in an industrial laboratory. In thinking back on my experiences as an industrial chemist, I found that there really isn t very much difference between industrial and academic research. I know that some of my academic friends think otherwise. The other day a professor friend called to tell me about two of his former students, who are husband and wife. The professor said that the wife had found an industrial position, but the husband was having difficulty finding a tenure-track teaching position. 1 asked him why didn t the husband also try for an industrial position. The professor s quick reply was "But he is much too good a scientist to go into industry "... 

Some misconceptions related to acids and bases are found in the chemical education literature. Examples of more misconceptions appear in the research done by Sebastian Musli [4]. He developed a questionnaire and gave it to about 100 students at the Secondary Level II of German academic high schools [4], Unusual and interesting statements from students have been quoted relating to acids, specifically on the differences between pure acids and acidic solutions, on neutralization, and on differences between strong and weak acids. 

They also evaluated isothermal MR concepts and compared them in performance with the adiabatic Catofin and Oleflex processes. They studied two different type processes using Knudsen diffusion membranes a process called CMRL, patterned after the commercial Oleflex process, with low propane conversion, and a process called CMRH, patterned after the commercial Catofin process with high propane conversion. They have calculated the return on investment (ROI) for all four processes. Though marginally better than the commercial processes, the ROI for all four processes evaluated is not very attractive. A sensitivity analysis indicates that for the ROI of the MR processes to be attractive a price difference between propane and propylene of more that 300/ton is required. Though published calculations have only been performed for the propane/propylene pair, it is not unreasonable to assume that similar conclusions apply to other alkane/alkene pairs. Similar conclusions about catalytic alkane dehydrogenation have also been reached in a technical/economic evaluation study by Amoco workers and their academic collaborators (Ward et al [6.3 ]). 

More detailed analysis of the difference between symmetry and sequential models could be found in specialized literature (V.Leskovac, Comprehensive enzyme kinetics, Kluwer Academic/Plenum publishers, New York, 2003). 

Chapter 10 was written by a team of academic and industrial researchers Mariana Pruteanu, Ion Benea, and myself. The chapter presents a study dealing with the lapping of ceramics with diamond slurry and it emphasizes the differences between mono- and polycrystalhne diamond. 

While there seems to be a slight preference in females for altruism and job stability, the qualitative material indicates that there appear to be few differences between female and male career attractors. Female self-efficacy in STEM subjects in high school and strong, especially male, family influencers of career choice are confirmatory of others findings. No females mentioned female role models in flieir secondary or tertiary education as being influencers. The lack of female academic staff in engineering faculties has been noted by Fox (2010). 

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