Diethylcarbamazine

Table 4. Ivermectin and Diethylcarbamazine Against Onchocerca volvulus Infections ...

Ten patients received diethylcarbamazine [90-89-1] (DEC) daily orally for eight days total dose 1.3 g. 

Other pharmaceutical chemicals such as calcium gluconate, ferrous salts, nikethamide, glycerophosphates, chloral hydrate, saccharin, antihistamines (including meclozine, and buclozine), tranquilizers (including meprobamate and chloropromazine), antifilarials, diethylcarbamazine citrate, and oral antidiabetics, including tolbutamide and chloropropamide ... 

Diethylcarbamyl chloride Diethylcarbamazine citrate Diethyl carbonate Fenspiride Flurbiprofen Furaltadone Nifuratel Protizinic acid Diethylchlorophosphate Echothiopate iodide 0 ,0i -Dlethyl-4,4 -dihydroxystilbene Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate... 

C5H12N2 109-01-3) see Azimilide hydrochloride Chlorcyclizine Clozapine Cyclizine Diethylcarbamazine Fleroxacin Hexocyclium metilsulfate Levofloxacin Loprazolam Loxapine Ofloxacin Olanzapine Pefloxacin Perlapine Pipebuzone Pirenzepine Prochlorperazine Rufloxacin hydrochloride Sildenafil Tiotixene... 

Implications for pathogenesis. A recent study showed that the plasma levels of IL-6 and LPS-binding protein are associated with the severity of adverse reactions after diethylcarbamazine treatment of microfilaraemic patients (Haarbrink et al., 2000, Journal of Infectious Diseases 182, 564—569). The authors discuss the possibility that Wolbachia LPS are involved in the side effects of therapy. 

Boreham, P.F.L. and Atwell, R.B. (1983) Adverse drug reactions in the treatment of filarial parasites haematological, biochemical, immunological and pharmacological changes in Dirofilaria immitis infected dogs treated with diethylcarbamazine. International Journal for Parasitology 13, 547-556. 

Atmadja AK, Atkinson R, Sartono E, Partono F, Yazdanbakhsh M, Maizels RM Differential decline in filarial-specific IgGl, IgG4 and IgE antibodies following diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy of Brugia malayi infected patients. J Infect Dis 1995 172 1567-1572. 

Diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine, N, A-diethyl-4-methyl-l-piperazincarboxamide (38.1.13), is made by acylating 1-methylpiperazine with diethylcarbamoylchloride [14-16],... 

Diethylcarbamazine is a derivative of piperazine. The mechanism of its action is not completely understood. However, it is highly likely that it causes a reduction in muscular activity, and even paralysis in hehninthes. It quickly gets rid of the parasites Brugia malayi, Loa loa, and Wuchereria bancrofti, and it is also used for diseases caused by Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella strptocerca. Synonyms of this drug are hetrazan, notezine, banoside, and others. 

Onchocerciasis (River blindness) Onchocerca volvulus Suramin,- Diethylcarbamazine, or Ivermectin-... 

Diethylcarbamazine is an anthelmintic drug that does not resemble other antiparasitic compounds although it has some relationship with piperazine derivatives and it has been useful in the management of filariasis due to Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi and Loa loa and of tropical eosinophilia. It is a lipoxygenase inhibitor and alters the surface structure of the parasite making it more susceptible to destruction by the host. It is well absorbed and widely distributed. It is eliminated with an half-life of 5-13 hours both by metabolism and excretion unchanged in the urine. 

When CNS involvement occurs, the poor penetration of suramin and pentamidine into the CSF requires alternative forms of chemotherapy, such as melarsoprol in combination with suramin. In treating Onchocerca volvulus infections, suramin kills adult worms and is an alternative to ivermectin. Suramin is used after initial treatment with diethylcarbamazine, which is used to kill the microfilariae. It produces favorable results in pemphigus and prolongs the time to disease progression in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. 

Diethylcarbamazine citrate (Hetrazan) is active against several microfilaria and adult filarial worms. It interferes with the metabolism of arachidonic acid and blocks the production of prostaglandins, resulting in capillary vasoconstriction and impairment of the passage of the microfilaria. Diethylcarbamazine also increases the adherence of microfilariae to the vascular wall, platelets, and granulocytes. 

Diethylcarbamazine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and peak blood levels are obtained in 4 hours the drug disappears from the blood within 48 hours. The intact drug and its metabolites are excreted in the urine. 

Diethylcarbamazine is the drug of choice for certain filarial infections, such as Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Loa loa. Since diethylcarbamazine is not universally active against hlarial infections, a specihc diagnosis based on blood smears, biopsy samples, and a geographic history is important. Dosage should be adjusted in patients with renal impairment. 

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