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Dietary studies, human, effect

A chronic oral MRL was not derived because of the limitations of the available studies. Human studies that described dietary exposure to cyanide through consumption of cassava lacked quantitative exposure information. The one available chronic oral study in rats found no treatment related effects (Howard and Hanzel 1955). [Pg.94]

Human Health At present, studies on the impact of POPs on human health are very limited in China. Most of the existing literature is focused on dietary studies, as the food chain is considered a major pathway for POPs to effect human health. Information on human health effects such as body burden and metabolism is insufficient and generally extrapolated from modeling data because few doctors have been involved in research on POPs exposures in China. Other exposures through respiration and skin as well as air and soil are seldom studied. [Pg.24]

The following study demonstrates the effect of dietary protein on uric acid. In the study, human subjects consumed diets containing no protein, normal levels of protein, and extremely high levels of protein. The diets were chemically defined and did not contain purines. The protein-free diet supplied 0.9 g N/day. The normal-protein diet supplied 13 g l>J/day, The extremely high-protein diet supplied 62 g N/day. The feeding trials were 2 weeks in duration. The norma I-protein diet contained 90 g of egg albumin, which was supplemented with 162 g of soy protein plus 156 g of casein in the high-protein diet. [Pg.479]

A number of investigators have studied the effects of dietary phosphorus on the bioavailability of zinc and iron to animals and human subjects. The results of these studies have not been consistent. Possible reasons for discrepancies among studies include differences in the types of phosphorus... [Pg.107]

Although decreased food and water consumption may have been due to unpalatability of 2-butoxyethanol in the dietary and drinking water studies, these effects were also observed in animals after inhalation or gavage treatment. Furthermore, the decreased body weight gain observed in animals in some studies cannot be completely attributed to decreased food or water intake. Nevertheless, decreased water consumption and decreased food intake do not appear to be effects of concern in humans exposed to 2-butoxyethanol under any scenario. [Pg.269]

Dietary intake of n-6 fatty acids such as linoleic acid, and n-3 fatty acids, such as the fish oils eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, lowers plasma cholesterol and antagonizes platelet activation, but the fish oils are much more potent in this regard [26]. In particular, n-3 fatty acids competitively inhibit thromboxane synthesis in platelets but not prostacyclin synthesis in endothelial cells. These fatty acids have also been shown to have other potentially anti-atherogenic effects, such as inhibition of monocyte cytokine synthesis, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. While dietary intake of n-3 fatty acid-rich fish oils appears to be atheroprotective, human and animal dietary studies with the n-6 fatty acid linoleic acid have yielded conflicting results in terms of effects on both plasma lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. Indeed, excess amounts of both n-3 and n-6 fatty acids may actually promote oxidation, inflammation, and possibly atherogenesis (M. Toberek, 1998). In this context, enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid in the sn-2 position of LDL phospholipids to 9- and 13-hydroxy derivatives is a key event in LDL oxidation (Section 6.2). [Pg.596]

Fruits and vegetables are associated with lower incidence and lower mortahty rates of cancer in several human cohort and case-control studies for all common cancer sites. Individuals with low fruit and vegetable intake experienced about twice the risk of cancer compared with those with high intake. A statistically significant protective effect of fruit and vegetable consumption has been found in 128 of 156 dietary studies in which results were expressed in terms of relative risk. More recent studies continue to confirm these earlier findings, although there are some studies not supportive of this conclusion. [Pg.561]

Many factors affect folate metabolism, including dietary folate level, nutritional status of vitamins B6, B12, and riboflavin, zinc status, alcoholism, and physical states such as pregnancy and lactation. In many cases, the effects of these factors are seen in altered excretion rates of intact folates and metabolites, but the effects on tissue levels of the various folates and transfer rates between tissues are not well understood. Preliminary human and animal kinetic models are being devek ed in our laboratory based on studies conducted under controlled dietary conditions. These models will provide a base from which to study the effects of altered folate nutriture as well as the influence of other factors such as pregnancy and aging on folate metabolism. [Pg.91]


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