Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model

In the eighties and early nineties, the USEPA evaluated dietary risk with an analysis method known as the Dietary Risk Evaluation System (DRES) (USEPA, 1991), which was based on the USDA s 1977 to 1978 National Food Consumption Survey. Consequently, dietary exposure assessments became genetically referred to as DRES analyses. Currently, the USEPA is using the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM , Version 7.87) (Exponent, 2000), which allows exposure to be calculated from 1994 to 1996 CSFII along with the 1998 supplemental children s survey information. 

Exponent (2000). Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM) [computer program]. Version 7.87. Washington, DC Novigen Sciences, Inc. 

One difference between the US and the EU approach to probabilistic dietary risk assessment is in the method of sampling. In the US approach, probabilistic sampling is done for the residue distribution. However, Exponent s Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM [10]) currently used by the EPA for dietary risk assessment uses all of the food consumption data. In the EU, it appears that probability sampling may be performed from both the residue and consumption distributions [11], In the US, the CARES... 

Ingestion exposures can be estimated using the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM), a computer-based model developed by Novigen Sciences, Inc. to estimate dietary intake of chemical residues (California Environmental Protection Agency 2007). The outputs from this model include estimates of dietary exposure over multiple averaging times so that both acute and chronic exposures can be considered. Exposures can also be considered on a population or individual level. The... 

DEEM Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model Novigen Sciences, Inc., Washington, DC. 

Tomerlin, J. R., Berry, M. R., Tran, N. L., Chew, S. B., Petersen, B. J., Tucker, K. D., and Renting, K. H. (1997). Develr ment of a dietary exposure potential model for evaluating dietary exposure to chentical residues in food. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 7, 81-101. 

Phytochemicals have been the subject of many studies evaluating their effects in relation to common chronic human illnesses such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. These studies encounter difficulties in using this information to influence the dietary patterns of consumers because in the past they have used models or experiments with animals. However, in the last decade, researchers have moved away from animal studies in favour of human cell models or human intervention studies. Scientists still need to determine the likely incidence of illness from exposure to known amounts of a given natural compound in the diet and specifically in relation to the complex matrices of whole foods. Therefore, it is inevitable that some animal studies have to be continued for toxicological studies. 

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