Dibromo-3-chloropropane

3-Chloro-l,2-dibromopropane, DBCP, OS 1897, Fumazone, Nemafume, Nemagon. 

Slightly soluble in water miscible with oils, dichloropropane, and isopropyl alcohol.1 

Irritating to skin and mucous membranes narcotic in high concentrations.1 It has been implicated as a cause of male sterility in factory workers.3 May cause diminished renal function and cirrhosis of the liver.4 Animal carcinogen. Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.3-5 LD50 (oral, rat) 0.17 g/kg.1 

Wear protective gloves, laboratory coat, goggles, and breathing apparatus if necessary. Cover spill with a 1 1 1 mixture by weight of soda ash, clay cat litter (bentonite), and sand. Scoop the mixture into a plastic container and either label and send for disposal by burning7 or, in the fume hood, add the mixture to a solution of 85% potassium hydroxide pellets in ethanol, allowing 0.36 mol (23.7 g) of potassium hydroxide and 100 mL of ethanol for each 0.1 mol (23.7 g) of 1, 2-dibromo-3-chloropropane to be destroyed. Heat the mixture under reflux for 8 hours. Decant the solution into the drain with a large volume of water. Treat the solid as normal refuse.6-8 

Package Lots. Place in a separate labeled container for disposal by burning. Bum in a furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber.7 

96-12-8 Chem. Abstr. Name l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane lUPAC Systematic Name l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane Synonyms DBCP dibromochloropropane 

2 Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass 

If Flash point 76.6°C, open cup (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1992) 

Estimates of annual production of l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in the United States 

No current data on numbers of exposed workers were available to the Working Group. Occupational exposures to l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane have occurred during its production and use. 

Formerly as an agricultural nemato-cide (use banned in the US in 1977) 

Toxicology. 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) is a mild central nervous system depressant and causes sterility in male workers due to a selective effect on seminiferous tubules. 

DBCP has caused oligospermia and asper-mia in male workers. Initial documentation of these effects occurred in workers engaged in the production of DBCP at an agricultural chemical plant in Lathrop, California. Of 27 

Subsequent studies in this and three other DBCP plants showed a total of more than 100 cases of oligospermia or aspermia. Exposures in one plant were estimated at 100-600 ppb.  

A recent cohort study of 26,000 workers from 12 countries outside the US found that after a median exposure to DBCP of 3 years, 64% of the men overall, and 90% of the men studied from the Philippines, had azoospermia or oligospermia. The percentage of men with no children was 28.5% overall. 

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Coke (coal tar), high temperature pitch Coke (coal tar), mixed coal-high temperature pitch Coke (coal tar), low temperature, high temperature pitch Diaminotoluene o-Dianisidine Salts of o-dianisidine o-Dianisidine-based azodyes Diarsenic trioxide Diazomethane Dibenz(a,/i)anthracene 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane... 

Kluwe WM, McNish R, Hook JB. 1981. Acute nephrotoxicities and hepatoctoxicities of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane and 1,2-dibromoethane in male and female F344 rats. Toxicol Lett 8 317-321. 

MacFarland RT, Gandolfi AJ, Sipes IG. 1984. Extra hepatic reduced GSH-dependent metabolism of 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in the rat and mouse. Drug Chem Toxicol 7 213- 227. 

Reznik G, Stinson SF, Ward JM. 1980. Respiratory pathology in rats and mice after inhalation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane or 1,2-dibromoethane for 13 weeks. Arch Toxicol 46 233-240. 

Soil core data are available for only six of the pesticides discussed in this paper. The six pesticides are aldlcarb atrazlne 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) 1,2-dlchloropro-pane (DCP) 1,2-dlbromoethane (EDB) and slmazlne. Cores were always sampled at depths greater than one meter and the soil was characterized physically and chemically. The importance of soil core sampling in pesticide leaching assessments is presented in the Discussion section. 

The CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances contains many substances released in industry as gaseous hazards and which can be treated biotechnologically (Table 1), including the following chloroform, trichloroethylene, 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, carbontetrachloride, xylenes, dibromochloropropane, toluene, methane, methylene chloride, 1,1-dichloroethene, fow(2-chloroethyl) ether, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorine, 1,1,2-trichloroethane,... 

Department of Labor Emergency temporary standard for occupational exposure to 1,2 dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Fed Reg 42 45535, 1977... 

National Toxicology Program NTP Technical Report on the Carcinogenesis Bioassay of 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (CAS no. 96-12-8) in F344 Rats and 136C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Study). NTP-81-21, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1982... 

Saito-Suzuki R, Teramoto S, Shirasu Y Dominant lethal studies in rats with 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane and its structurally related compounds. Rer 19L321-327, 1982... 

Kluwe WM, McNish R, Smithson K, et al. 1981. Depletion by 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, and hexachloro-1,3-butadiene of reduced non-protein sulfhydryl groups in target and non-target organs. Biochem Pharmacol 30 2265-2271. 

In rats, l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane is rapidly absorbed after oral administration in water 0.20 h after 1 mg/kg bw) com oil as a vehicle delays absorption (T, 1.56 h), but does not affect bioavailability. 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is distributed and eliminated biexponentially, mainly as metabolites with a half-life of 2-3 h. There is no saturation of absorption, distribution or elimination up to 10 mg/kg bw (Gingell et al., 1987). 

Male Fischer 344 rats dosed by gavage with 29 mg/kg bw 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane on five days per week for two weeks developed hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of... 

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