1.2- Dibromo-3-chloropropane water

Residues Determination of Dibromo-chloropropane in crops, soil, water" Shell Development Co., Biological Sciences Research Center, Modesto, CA, Method MMS-R-272-3, 1976. 

Biological. Soil water cultures converted l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane to 1-propanol, bromide, and chloride ions. Precursors to the alcohol formation include allyl chloride and allyl alcohol (Castro and Belser, 1968). 

Dibromoethane (EDB) and l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in Water by Microextraction and GC... 

Use of l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane as a pesticide, soil fumigant and a nematocide resulted in the direct release of this compound to the environment. Its production and use as an intermediate in organic synthesis also may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It has been detected at low levels in ambient and urban air, groundwater, drinking-water and soil samples (United States National Library of Medicine, 1997). 

The World Health Organization has established an international drinking-water guideline for l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane of 1 gg/L (WHO, 1993). 

In rats, l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane is rapidly absorbed after oral administration in water 0.20 h after 1 mg/kg bw) com oil as a vehicle delays absorption (T, 1.56 h), but does not affect bioavailability. 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is distributed and eliminated biexponentially, mainly as metabolites with a half-life of 2-3 h. There is no saturation of absorption, distribution or elimination up to 10 mg/kg bw (Gingell et al., 1987). 

Metabolism of l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane proceeds via oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzyme(s) and conjugation with glutathione (Omichinski et al., 1987, 1988 Simula et al., 1993 Weber et al., 1995). The metabolism is measurable as formation of water-soluble metabolites (mainly several A -acclylcyslcinc conjugates in bile and urine) and metabolites covalently bound to macromolecules (Kato et al., 1979 Dohn et al., 1988 Pearson et al., 1990a,b Weber et al., 1995). Metabolism to water-soluble products... 

Exposure to l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane has occurred during its production and use as a pesticide, nematocide and soil fumigant however, production is believed to have ceased. It has been detected at low- levels in ambient air, water and soil. 

Glaze, W.H., Lay, Y., and Kang, J.W., Advanced oxidation processes a kinetic model for the oxidation of l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in water by the combination of hydrogen and UV radiation, Indust. Eng. Chem. Res., 34, 2314-2323, 1995. 

Siantar, D.P., Schreier, C.G., Chou, C., and Reinhard, M., Treatment of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane and nitrate-contaminated water with zero-valent iron or hydrogen/palladium catalysts, Water Res., 30(10), 2315-2322, 1996. 

Wear protective gloves, laboratory coat, goggles, and breathing apparatus if necessary. Cover spill with a 1 1 1 mixture by weight of soda ash, clay cat litter (bentonite), and sand. Scoop the mixture into a plastic container and either label and send for disposal by burning7 or, in the fume hood, add the mixture to a solution of 85% potassium hydroxide pellets in ethanol, allowing 0.36 mol (23.7 g) of potassium hydroxide and 100 mL of ethanol for each 0.1 mol (23.7 g) of 1, 2-dibromo-3-chloropropane to be destroyed. Heat the mixture under reflux for 8 hours. Decant the solution into the drain with a large volume of water. Treat the solid as normal refuse.6-8... 

Today a great variety of chemicals can contaminate sources of drinking-water. By far the most frequent contaminants in this category are trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene because of their large production volumes and widespread use in industry. Other chemicals that occur less frequently or at lower concentrations include dichloromethane, carbon, tetrachloride, chloroethylene (i.e. vinyl chloride), the 3 possible isomers of dichloroethylene, dichloroethane, 1,2,-dibromoethane, l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, and benzene. 

While both industrial and agricultural chemicals have been found in California ground waters, pesticides injected beneath the soil surface to control nematodes are a particular concern. The nematicide 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), which was banned in California in 1977, is the most serious example of this problem in California (1-2). Figure 1 shows the increase between 1979 and 1984 in the number of wells found to contain measurable quantities of DBCP. As of April 1984, 2522 wells contained DBCP, with over half these wells (1455) having concentrations in excess of 1.0 part per billion, the current California "action level". 

DBCP (l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane), a soil nematicide/ fumigant, was found in ground water and found to pose significant health risks. In 1979, all uses of DBCP in the continental U.S. were suspended (8) and the remaining use in pineapple fields in Hawaii was cancelled in 1985 (9). 

Standard Method 6231. 1,2-Dibromomethane (EDB) and l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). In Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed., American Water Works Association, American Public Health Association, Water Environment Federation, 2005. 

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