Emergency Temporary Standards

Department of Labor Emergency temporary standard for occupational exposure to 1,2 dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Fed Reg 42 45535, 1977... 

Petition Requesting a Zero Tolerance for Ten Carcinogens Through an Emergency Temporary Standard Issued Under the Authority of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Health Research Group, and Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers, International Union, Washington DC, 1973. 

Emergency Temporary Standard for Occupational Exposure to 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) Hearing. Federal Register 1977, 42 (175), 45536-45543. 

On April 5, 1974, OSHA, based on this information, promulgated an Emergency Temporary Standard that reduced the level from 500 ppm to a 50 ppm ceiling. Ten days later, on April 15, 1974, Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, where the MCA animal study was being carried out, reported to OSHA, NIOSH, and EPA that 2 of 200 mice exposed to 50 ppm of VCM for 7 h/d, 5 d/wk, for approximately 7 mo had developed liver angiosarcoma. This result was not observed in rats or hamsters. OSHA therefore concluded that exposure even to 50 ppm might well constitute a serious health hazard. 

There are two model standards as part of the policy one for an Emergency Temporary Standard, and the other for a Permanent Standard. These standards contain provisions for signs and labels to warn employees of the hazard for Category I potential carcinogens. 

Acrylonitrile in Air. As a consequence of the 1977 interim results of both the Dow and DuPont studies, OSHA issued an emergency temporary standard on Jan. 17,1978, specifying that the 8-h time-weighted average exposure to airborne acrylonitrile should not exceed 2 ppm prior to 1977, 20 ppm was allowed. This standard covered all workplaces manufacturing or using acrylonitrile as a raw material, as well as fabrication facilities processing acrylonitrile-based polymers. 

Late in January 1974, this situation changed drastically when it was announced that between 1968 and 1973 three long-time PVC plant operators had died of angiosarcoma, a very rare liver cancer [6,7]. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issued emergency temporary standards limiting employee exposure in the vinyl chloride and poly(vinyl chloride) industry. 

Section 6 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act describes the process of establishing health and safety standards. Procedures for rulemaking under the Act include the publication of advanced notice of proposed rules and final rules. Throughout the process, public comments are solicited and considered in the development of the rules. The Secretary of Labor has the authority under Section 6 of the Act to establish emergency temporary standards when there is evidence to support the need. Emergency temporary standards have been promulgated for carcinogens such as benzene and asbestos. 

Yant WP (1944) Protecting workers against temporary and emergency exposures. In Protecting Plant Manpower Through the Control of Air Contaminants. Special Bulletin No. 14. Washington, DC US Department of Labor, Division of Labor Standards. 

Our initial results indicate that greatly simplified and shortened extraction schemes are feasible for EIA of ivermectin in meat and abamectin in strawberries. However, considerable work remains before the liver and strawberry residue recovery methods are reduced to standard protocols, tested, and validated. A temporary tolerance level of 100 ppb for abamectin in citrus was set by the EPA in July 1988 (40 CFR 1, sec. 186.300). The Section 18 Emergency Exemption for use of abamectin on strawberries in California had a tolerance of 20 ppb. The... 

For emergency use when chronic implantation is contraindicated, a single coaxial bipolar electrode is useful. This scheme requires the use of one needle instead of two. The electrode is shown schematically in Figure 1.1. The unit is a No. 18 standard hypodermic needle to which has been added an external insulating sheath and an insulated internal central electrode. It is used in cases of temporary heart block or until corrective procedures can be instituted in the case of permanent block (Ferris and Cowley, 1968). 

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