Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association

The diagnostic criteria for, and general features of, disorders in which anxiety is a prominent component are described in detail in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV, 4th edition (1994)) and are regarded as either phobias or anxiety states ... 

Psychiatry is a subspecialty of medicine that involves the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, as defined and classified in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (2000 known as DSM-IV-TR). Mental illnesses are biologically based brain diseases that are widespread in the general population and vary in duration and severity. The main burden of mental illness is concentrated in the 6 percent of Americans who suffer from a serious mental illness such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. 

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with substance abuse disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 37 122—126, 1998 American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2000... 

Reprinted from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Copyright 2000, American Psychiatric Association, with permission.)... 

DSM-IV The fourth edition of the American Psychiatric Association s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders which along with the tenth edition of the World Health Organisation s International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) are widely used for psychiatric evaluation, especially in clinical pharmacology. 

Data from American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision. Washington, DC American Psychiatric Association, 2000 429-484 Baldwin DS, Anderson IM, Nutt DJ, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders Recommendations from the British Society for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacology 2005 19 567-596 and Katon WJ. Panic disorder. N EnglJ Med 20062554 2560-2567. 

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR American Psychiatric Association, 2000) specifies that the symptoms of substance-related disorders may include tolerance withdrawal loss of control unsuccessful efforts to cut down or quit a great deal of time committed to finding, using, or recovering from using substances impairment in specific areas of one s life and continued use in spite of negative consequences. To meet criteria for dependence, the individual must have three or more of these... 

American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV), American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, pp 176-247 Andersson K, Fuxe K, Eneroth P, Jansson A, Harfstrand A (1989) Effects of withdrawal from chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on hypothalamic and preoptic catecholamine nerve terminal systems and on the secretion of pituitary hormones in the male rat, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 339 387-96... 

DeWit DJ, Ogborne A, Offord DR, MacDonald K (1999) Antecedents of the risk of recovery from DSM-lll-R social phobia. Psychol Med 29 569-582 DSM-111 (1980) American Psychiatric Association diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd edn. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DSM-lll-R (1987) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd edn, revised. American Psychiatric Press, Washington... 

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) criteria for ADHD include symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity or/impulsiv-ity patients can have either combined type, or predominantly inattentive (see below) or predominantly hy-peractive/impulsive types (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Many of the symptoms of inattention relate to attentional abilities of the PFC—for example, difficulty sustaining attention, difficulty organizing, easily distracted, and forgetful. However, other symptoms described by DSM-FV could result from either PFC or posterior cortical attentional dysfunction— e.g., does not seem to listen, reluctance or difficulty engaging in tasks that require mental effort, poor attention to details. Thus, these symptoms could arise either due to poor attention regulation by the PFC or due to poor attentional allocation by the posterior cortices. Similarly, many of the symptoms of hyperactivity/... 

Aggression can occur as either an essential or associated feature of a psychiatric disorder. The diagnoses in each of these categories, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (American Psychiatric Association 1994), are listed in... 

Diagnosing depression is not a simple matter. Everyone experiences sadness once in a while, and in certain situations, such as the loss of a loved one, it is expected. The American Psychiatric Association, a group of professional psychiatrists, publishes the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, a manual that outlines the criteria for diagnosing psychiatric disorders. This widely followed manual is periodically updated, and it is currently in its fourth edition. DSM-IV, as it is often abbreviated, defines a major depressive episode to be when the patient shows a depressed mood or the absence of pleasure for a certain period of time, as well as exhibiting some other symptoms such as loss of sleep, appetite, or recurrent thoughts of suicide. Depression is one of the most common disorders, with millions of cases diagnosed every year in the United States alone. 

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