Diabetogenic hormone

Theoretically, diabetes could be as readily caused by overproduction of the pituitary hormone as by the underproduction of insulin. Actually both activities probably vary greatly, and the diabetes results from an imbalance. Even when diabetes has its origin in an overactivity of the pituitary in producing the diabetogenic hormone, insulin may still be an effective remedy. Actually, of course, diabetes is sometimes insulin-resistant, which fact reveals that the disease does not always have the same origin. 

Excessive secretion of diabetogenic hormones (hormones that maintain or raise blood sugar), including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and a growth hormone from the pituitary adrenalin, noradrenalin, and adrenal cortical hormones (mainly cortisol) from the adrenals glucagon from the pancreas and thyroid hormone from the thyroid. 

Human growth hormone is a very complex molecule biologically. Several diverse biological activities such as anaboHc, insulin-like, diabetogenic, and lactogenic activities have been ascribed to hGH, which also appears to promote water and salt retention. An in-depth discussion of these activities may be found in several excellent reviews available in the Hterature (34—36). 

GH has been shown to have many different metabolic effects. Which of these contribute directly to its growth-promoting activity is not clear. The hormone stimulates synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids in a wide range of tissues. It has actions on carbohydrate metabolism, including both diabetogenic and insulin-like actions, and also has effects on lipid metabolism, particularly in man. Overall, GH tends to switch metabolism from utilization of carbohydrate to utilization of fat [14], although there are marked differences between species in the relative importance of actions on different aspects of metabolism. 

In vitro GH has been shown to stimulate glucose uptake and utilization in several tissues, including diaphragm and adipose tissue [41,90]. Diabetogenic effects of the hormone are more difficult to demonstrate in vitro, although some such effects have been obtained [90]. 

Processing of GH could go further, with production of relatively small peptides which retain substantial or even enhanced activity, and it has been suggested that this may be important in the actions of the hormone in vivo [131]. In particular, fragments which retain the diabetogenic or insulin-like activities of GH have been reported [95,131]. What role these play in the normal physiological actions of the hormone is unclear. 

Human growth hormone is diabetogenic and can cause hyperglycemia. 

Growth hormone is diabetogenic therefore, any signs of diabetes mellitus, such as polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia, should be reported to the HCP immediately. These are the 3 Ps of diabetes melKtus. 

Growth hormone, of anterior pituitary, composition, X, 199 diabetogenic action, X, 199-200 mechanism, X, 199 inanition and, X, 83, 84 nutrition and response to, X, 126 requirement for pantothemio acid and, X, 127... 

Hormones, see also under Steroids and under names of individual hormones activity, mechanism of, X, 331 adrenocortical, see under Adrenocortical hormones and under names of individual hormones adrenocorticotropic, see under Adrenocorticotropic hormone assay in obstetrics, X, 141-181 diabetogenic action, X, 185, 196-206 gonadotropic, see under Gonadotropins and under names of individual members... 

Because of the significance of such results, several laboratories tried to repeat this work, and, although it could be demonstrated that an anterior pituitary extract inhibits hexokinase, it soon became clear that this effect on hexokinase and the diabetogenic effect of the pituitary hormone are unrelated. 

Gonadotropin LH FSH Prolactin Diabetogenic (o growth hormone ) Adipokin Some Little Little Little None Yes No No No No Increased production of testosterone in incubated testis tissue (Brady, 1951)... 

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