Diabetes mellitus blood glucose concentration

Antidiabetic drugs is the general term for drugs that lower blood glucose concentrations and are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Antidiabetic drugs are... 

The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (3) has shown that timely treatment, by reducing blood glucose concentrations before subjective complaints develop, reduces secondary complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 

In high doses, fish oils can cause a rise in blood glucose concentration in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (9). 

Blood glucose concentrations can become labile in people with diabetes mellitus who use cocaine, not only because their diet changes, but also because adrenaline concentrations affect the mobilization of glucose (311). 

A 32-year-old African-American man with no prior history of diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance had a raised blood glucose concentration after 6 weeks of olanzapine therapy, and required insulin (864). Olanzapine was withdrawn and blood glucose concentrations returned to normal about 2 weeks later. At rechallenge hyperglycemia occurred again. 

A non-obese 51-year-old man without a history of diabetes mellitus had a serum glucose concentration of 89 mmol/1 and was non-ketotic. Treatment with olanzapine had been started less than 6 months before about 2 months before the event, his blood glucose concentration was 6.0 mmol/1, and 8 days after withdrawal the glucose concentration returned to normal he no longer required insulin nor any other hypoglycemic drug. 

Glucose concentrations have been studied in 47 patients with non-responsive schizophrenia taking olanzapine (872). Three of them, who had taken olanzapine for 3-6 months, had persistently high blood glucose concentrations. However, this is similar to what would be expected on the basis of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in US adults. 

Protease inhibitors can cause a rise in blood glucose concentration, although only a few cases have been reported. Patients with a family history of diabetes mellitus may be at a greater risk, and they demand especially close monitoring, for example with both baseline and quarterly glucose determinations, at least during the first 6-12 months of treatment (975,976). 

Acarhose or Miglitol and Food. Some medications should be administered with food for optimum benefit. Acarbose (Precose) and miglitol (Glyset) are effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus because they delay the digestion of ingested carbohydrates and reduce the elevation of blood glucose concentrations following meals. Maximum effectiveness is attained when doses are administered at the start (with the first bite) of each main meal. 

In a 28-year-old woman with an 18-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus the glycosylated hemoglobin fell from 11.3 to 7.9% and her blood glucose concentration was 1.7-3.3 mmol/1 lower after she had taken chromium picolinate (200 micrograms tds for 3 months) (10). There were no adverse effects. 

Guar gum is used in diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to treatment with diet, insulin or oral hypoglycaemics because it is considered to reduce the peak blood glucose concentrations that occur following meals. It cannot be used instead of other/earlier therapy regimes. It must not be used to reduce obesity. It is given with or immediately before meals in doses of 5 g usually... 

GHb has been firmly established as an index of long-term blood glucose concentrations and as a measure of the risk for the development of complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. GHb was a cornerstone of the DCCT. (To prevent assay variability [see section on assay standardization later in this chapter], all GHb assays in the DCCT were done in a central laboratory that measured Hb Aj by HPLC.) The DCCT documented that there is a direct relationship between blood glucose concentrations (assessed by... 

Diabetes mellitus An endocrine disease characterized by an elevated blood glucose concentration. There are two major forms of diabetes mellitus type I, or insulin-dependent, and type 11, or non-insnlin-dependent. Type I is cansed by a severe lack or complete absence of insnlin. Type II is caused by resistance to insnlin, that is, an inability to respond to physiologic concentrations of insnlin. 

The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is made on the basis of blood glucose concentrations either alone or in response to an oral glucose load. 

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