Di sulfones

The best source of information on preparative aspects of coupling reactions is still the book of Fierz and Blangey (1952). Four examples of coupling reactions can be found in Organic Syntheses (Conant et al., 1941, and Fieser, 1943 Azo coupling with 1- and 2-naphthol Hartwell and Fieser, 1943 8-Hydroxy-l-naphthylamine-2,4-di-sulfonic acid Clarke and Kirner, 1941 A/,7V-Dimethylaniline). 

Acid Magenta. A mixt of di sulfonic and tri-sulfonic acids of pararosaniline, used as a dye or stain. Was proposed for coating crystsof AN to render them non-hygroscopic and thus make them more suitable for use in expls, propellants and fertilizers. Quantities as low as 0,01-0.03% proved to be sufficient for effective waterproofing... 

Rhodacal DS6 Disodium dodecyl diphenyl oxide, di sulfonate Rhone... 

Thiophene is very easily sulfonated 95% H2SO4 at 30-40 °C converts it to the 2-sulfonic acid in a few minutes. Thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride can be easily prepared by the action of chlorosulfonic acid on thiophene. Mono- and di-sulfonic acids of thiophene have been prepared by sulfonating thiophene with S03 or pyridine-sulfur trioxide (63AHCd)t). Sulfon-ation of 2-methyl-3,5-di-t-butylthiophene gives 2-methyl-5-t-butylthiophene-3-sulfonic acid (63AHC(l)l). However, 2,5-di-r-butylthiophene is monosulfonated normally at the 3-position (63AHC(l)l) under forcing conditions 2-(-butylthiophene-3,5-disulfonic acid is obtained. 

AR07 QloHs07 2 1-naphthol-3,6-di-sulfonic acid L66J bq dswq hswq h2o PY KCI 0.1 20 DME/SCE OA- C=A... 

In the manufacture of this dye bis-diazotized 5,5 -dimethylbenzidine-2,2 -di-sulfonic acid is coupled to two equivalents of /V - a c et o ac et y 1 a n i 1 i n c. The clear, intense, greenish yellow dyeing obtained on wool is millingfast and exhibits excellent wetfastness but only moderate lightfastness. C.I. Acid Yellow 42 is a further member of this series (see Section 3.9.3). 

Dihydroxynaphthalenemono- and disulfonic acids couple so rapidly, even the second time, that the coupling is carried out in acetic acid solution containing sodium acetate, using diazotized p-aminoacetanilide. With many of the acids, the coupling requires several hours, as, for example, with chromotropic acid (l,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-di-sulfonic acid). In this case, also, the dye is highly soluble and separates slowly from the unreacted chromotropic acid so that considerable care must be exercised. 

ESI is the most common interface since IPC and MS were coupled initially. By 2008, most applications IPC-MS used the ESI interface [58,68-82] because analytes amenable to IPC are usually already ionic in the column effluent that enters the interface. Examples of APCI-MS applications [83,84] include two-fold use of both interfaces [85] they gave similar results in the determination of polyunsatured fatty acid monoepoxides [86]. For determining mono- and di-sulfonated azo dyes, ESI proved to give the best performance in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility [83]. Joining negative APCI-MS and ESI-MS unambiguously identified several acidic oxidation products of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in ammunition, wastewater, and soil extracts [61]. 

The present procedure is that of Adams and Ferretti. Another method is the reduction of 1,2-benzenedisulfonyl chloride with zinc powder. In a third method a 2-aminomercaptobenzene is diazotized and converted to an intermediate xanthate and then to the corresponding mercaptosulfonic acid. The latter can be converted to the dimercaptan either by (1) oxidation to a di-sulfonic acid, conversion to the disulfonyl chloride, and reduction to the dimercaptan, or (2) mild oxidation to the corresponding disulfide, conversion to the sulfonyl chloride disulfide, and reduction to the dimercaptan. 

Mercaptals of pentoses and hexoses are converted into sulfonals (di-sulfones), which easily undergo dehydration. The dimethylmercaptal of D-ribose or D-arabinose gives, on oxidation with peroxypropionic acid, 1,1-bis(methylsulfonyl)-D-er> f/iro-pentos-l-ene (equation 571) [340. ... 

Anhydronucleosides are usually prepared from appropriate mono- or di-sulfonates [1]. l-(2-Deoxy-3,5-anhydro)- -D-r/ireo-pentosylthymine (96), an example of the oxetane-type of anhydronucleoside, was prepared from dimesyl thymidine by the action of an alkali. The first synthesis of 2, 3 -dideoxy-2, 3 -didehydro-thymidine (d4T) was accomplished in 1966 by Hor-witz et al. from this compound, which can be now prepared in quite large scale according to a slightly modified procedure proposed by the group from Bristol-Myers. The 5 -tritylated derivative of 3 -0-mesyl-thymidine was converted into 3, 2-anhydroucleoside 95, from which... 

Derivation Reduction of 2-nitronaphthalene-4,8-di-sulfonic acid. The sodium salt is recrystallized from water. 

The most sensitive and reproducible manual procedure in the latter group, in which the diazo coupling reaction is utilized, is that of Fishman et al. (F14, S48). In this method, the liberated phenol from phenyl phosphate is coupled with 5-nitroanisole-2-diazoniumnaphthalene-l,5-di-sulfonate (Fast Red B salt, Hilton-Davis Chemical Co., Cincinnati, Ohio) (Fig. 2). 

Using RuCl(CO)(TPPTS)(BISBIS) the biphasic aqueous hydroformylation of higher olefins in the presence of the cationic surfactant CTAB ensures a TOF > 700 h and regioselectivity >96% for the linear aldehyde Piperazinium cationic surfactants were also successfully applied as catalysis promotion agents in the aq. biphasic hydroformylation of higher olefins. The property of surfactant and ligand can be assumed by the same molecule, e.g. di-sulfonated cetyl(diphenyl)phosphine 42. 1-Dodecene is hydroformylated in water/toluene (3 1) under mild conditions [olefin/Ru = 2500, CO/H2=1, P(CO + H2) = 15 bar, 42/Ru = 10] with TOF = 188 Another approach to... 

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