Di-isobutylene

The phenol is clearly a Frledel-Crafts product and the required cation (14) is most conveniently obtained from di-isobutylene - a mixture of (15) and (16) available industrially from the dimerisation of Meg C = CHg. 

Methacrylic acid Acrylic acid Di-isobutylene Acrylonitrile Allyl acrylate Allyl methacrylate n-Butyi acrylate n-Butyl methacrylate isobutyl methacrylate 2-Chloroethyl methacrylate -Ethoxyethyl methacrylate Ethyl acrylate 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Ethyl methacrylate Lauryl methacrylate Nonyl methacrylate N-Vinyl pyrrolidone Octyl acrylate 2-Vinyl pyridine... 

Sulfuric acid (3) has been used in the past as a polymerization catalyst both in the Cold Sulfuric Acid Process and the Hot-Acid Polymerization Process. Its main utility today lies in its use for selectively absorbing isobutylene from mixed butane-butylene streams for use in the production of synthetic rubber. The products are a di-isobutylene polymer and a butane-normal butylene mixture. The di-isobutylene is also used to a small extent by the chemical industry. 

Among important products manufactured in this manner are substituted propionaldehyde from corresponding substituted ethylene, normal and rso-butyr aldehyde from propylene, iso-octyl alcohol from heptene, and trimethylhexyl alcohol from di-isobutylene. 

In 1935 Shell began to produce high-octane gasoline at three of its refineries in California, Texas, and Illinois. It developed a cold-acid polymerization process that treated butanes, butylenes, and isobutylenes to produce di-isobutylene, a polymer product that was then hydrogenated to make isooctane, a key ingredient in 100-octane gasoline. The next year, the process was improved through a hot acid technique. Then in 1939 came an even more efficient process called alkylation, in which isobutylene and butylenes were polymerized. ... 

Boron tiifluoride-dimethylether (BFj.MejO) has been employed. Thus in a continous process phenol and nonene together with fresh and recovered catalyst were reacted at 80-5°C. Distillation gave nonylphenol and both recovered phenol and catalyst. In a similar way octene afforded octylphenol in 92.5% yield while di-isobutylene gave 94% (ref.4). ... 

Alkenes can easily be hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure and room temperature with active Ni catalysts. One commercial application is the process for hydrogenating di-isobutylene and a co-dimer of iso- and n-butene. If S is present in the olefins a Co molybdate catalyst may be used,... 

Latexes are often used in pigmented systems and the pigment particles must be stabilized for the system to be stable. This is usually accomplished with water-soluble polymers of poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid) or poly(di-isobutylene/maleic anhydride). 

Diethylamine Miscible Dieth ether Miscible bis-(2.ethylhexyl)amine 0.7 Diethyl sulfide MlKible Di-isobutyl carbinol Miscible Di-isobutylene 3.3 <0.6% DMSO soluble in di-isobutylei>e) Disopropyl ether 11 Dimethyl ether 4.4 Dimethyl formamide Miscible Morpholine Naphthalene Neoprene Nitrobenzene Oleic acid Ouricuri wax Oxalic add Palmitic acid Paraffin Paraformaldehyde Miscible 40 Insol. Miscible Misdble 38 100 Insoluble Insoluble Miscible Inso 1 Slightly soluble... 

Irganox LO-1 Ciba-Geigy Corp., USA Condensation product of diphenyl amine with di-isobutylene... 

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