Deviation coefficient

Step 5- Obtain the dispersion standard deviation coefficients and compute the GLC downwind from the source. 

They include simple statistics (e.g., sums, means, standard deviations, coefficient of variation), error analysis terms (e.g., average error, relative error, standard error of estimate), linear regression analysis, and correlation coefficients. 

The random or indeterminate error associated with a measurement or result. Sometimes called the variability, it can be represented statistically by the standard deviation or relative standard deviation (coefficient of variation) (p. 14). 

Mean, dispersion (e.g., variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation) Mean, dispersion, 1 bound (minimum or maximum)... 

Relative standard deviations (coefficient of variance (CV)) of the position and the intensity are calculated to demonstrate reproducibility. 

The ICH recommends that repeatability be assessed using a minimum of nine determinations covering the specified range for the procedure (e.g., three concentrations/three replicates as in the accuracy experiment) or using a minimum of six determinations at 100% of the test concentration. Reporting of the standard deviation, relative standard deviation (coefficient of variation), and confidence interval is required. The assay values are independent analyses of samples that have been carried through the complete analytical procedure from sample preparation to final test result. Table 1 provides an example set of repeatability data. 

Analyte No. of Experiments Mean Recovery Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation... 

Standard deviation Coefficient of variance (relative standard deviation), %... 

SOURCE DEGREES OF FREEDOM STANDARD DEVIATION COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION... 

Model variance was propagated using the factorial, DPD, Monte Carlo and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) methods. Table A2.6 provides a summary comparison of the outputs—the arithmetic mean, arithmetic standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), geometric mean (GM), geometric standard deviation (GSD), 5th percentile and 95th percentile outcomes— from each method. 

Due to the small sample size, all variables were only presented descriptively for the different bioanalytical data and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated number of relevant observations, geometric mean, geometric standard deviation, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, median, minimum and maximum. 

Descriptive statistics (number of observations (n), mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation in percent (CV %) or median and range) were calculated for each parameter. Statistical tests using SPSS software were as follows ... 

Note The breaking load is the mean of 21 breaks. S.D., C.V., and gf denote standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and gram-force, respectively. Deg. is degradation. 

Sutherland went a step further by expressing the opinion that all strong electrolytes in aqueous solution were completely dissociated into ions. N. Bjerrum arrived at similar conclusions on the basis of experimental investigations. The mathematical treatment (cf. Milner ) of the problem of interionic forces proved to be extremely difficult, and therefore Bjerrum had to be satisfied temporarily with expressing the effects produced by the electrostatic influence of ions by means of empirical deviation coefficients. These coefficients gave the ratio of the observed value to that which should be obtained in the absence of interionic forces. He proposed the three following factors ... 

Definition The precision of an analytical method is the extent of the agreement between the measured values in a series of analyses of a homogeneous sample. The precision of a method is normally given by the standard deviation (.S ) or relative standard deviation (coefficient of variation or. Srei). The precision is a measure of the variabUity of the analytical method under normal laboratory conditions. 

Table II. Means, Standard Deviations, Coefficients of Variation and Cross Correlations (M=36> between Various Adsorntion Parameters...

Intraperson variation Although there is less variability between samples taken. serially from the same individual than when samples are compared between individuals (Sawitsky et ah, 1948), a significant intraperson variation does exist. This variation is less for RBC AChE than for plasma BChE. For example, Callaway et ai (I9.i 1) found that the percentage standard deviation [coefficient of variation (CV) for an individual around his own RBC AChE was 10.7% and for plasma BChE was 22.8%, Similarly, Sawitsky et al. (1948) determined the CV for... 

Moments can be used to calculate any Z),y, and should be positive and finite. For example, D32 = (D30) ( >20). Note that characteristic diameters are not necessarily the same as the common statistical moments mean, standard deviation, coefficient of skewness, and coefficient of kurtosis. The exception is Djo, which is the statistical mean of/o(D), and D43, which is the statistical mean of/3(D). 

Bias (trueness) and standard deviation/coefficient of variation (precision)... 

Material No. Mean degradability Standard deviation Coefficient of variation (%) 95% confidence limits... 

The methods used for expressing the data fall into two categories, time domain techniques and frequency domain techniques. The two methods are related because frequency and time are the reciprocals of each other. The analysis technique influences the data requirements. Reference 9 provides a brief overview of the various mathematical methods and a multitude of additional references. Specialized transforms (Fourier) can be used to transfer information between the two domains. Time domain measures include the normal statistical measures such as mean, variance, third moment, skewness, fourth moment, kurto-sis, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, and root mean squEire eis well as an additional parameter, the ratio of the standard deviation to the root mean square vtJue of the current (when measuring current noise) used in place of the coefficient of variance because the mean could be zero. An additional time domain measure that can describe the degree of randonmess is the autocorrelation function of the voltage or current signal. The main frequency domain... 

Precision Absolute standard deviation, relative standard deviation, coefficient of variation, variance... 

X = average value. 5 = standard deviation. = coefficient of variation. 

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