Development hamster embryos

Vanadate compound addition to Syrian hamster embryo cells initiated some steps in the pathway leading to neoplasmic progression [76], Perhaps, this is caused by the growth advantage conferred by vanadate to cells undergoing this transformation process. Vanadate addition to multiple cell lines increased phosphotyrosine levels and induced reversible transformation, defined as the development of cancer-associated uncontrolled growth, without causing increases in phosphoinositol turnover [77],... 

Carpenter, S. J. and Ferm, V. H., 1977, Early stages in the development of exencephaly in arsenic-treated hamster embryos. Teratology, 15 23A-24A. (Abstr). 

Virus cultivation is more complex than bacterial cultivation because viruses are, by themselves, nonreplicating. Virus must be grown on a host cell substrate, which can be animal tissue, embryo, or ex vivo cells the host substrate determines the cultivation technology. In the United States, only Japanese encephahtis virus vaccine is still produced from infected mature animals. Worldwide, many vaccines are produced in chicken embryos, an inexpensive substrate. The remainder of vaccines are produced from ex vivo cultivated animal cells. Some virus-like particle vaccines are made by recombinant DNA techniques in either microbial or animal cells, for example, hepatitis B virus vaccine, which is made in yeast as mentioned above, or in Chinese hamster ovary cells. An interesting synopsis of the development of rabies vaccine technology from Pasteur s use of animal tissues to modern use of ex vivo cells can be found in Sureau [1987]. 

Effects of cadmium on the developing embryo or fetus have been studied by many investigators since the report by Paiizek in 1964 that a single maternal injection of cadmium at gestation days 17-21 resulted in a destruction of the fetal portion of the placenta and feted death. The first published reports of cadmium-induced teratogenesis described studies with the hamster " cadmium-induced teratogenicity was subsequently reported for the rat, and for the mouse Using a different experi-... 

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