Development glial cells

Glial cells are cells within the central or peripheral nervous system which are not immediately involved in information processing. Glial cells play an mportant role in the metabolic homeostasis of brain tissue and in nervous system development. 

Purinergic signalling is also concerned with longterm events, such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and death associated with development and regeneration [1, 3, 4]. For example, a,(3-methylene ATP produces proliferation of glial cells, whereas adenosine inhibits proliferation. A p2y8 receptor was... 

These approaches to receptor identification and classification were, of course, pioneered by studies with peripheral systems and isolated tissues. They are more difficult to apply to the CNS, especially in in vivo experiments, where responses depend on a complex set of interacting systems and the actual drug concentration at the receptors of interest is rarely known. However, the development of in vitro preparations (acute brain slices, organotypic brain slice cultures, tissue-cultured neurons and acutely dissociated neuronal and glial cell preparations) has allowed more quantitative pharmacological techniques to be applied to the action of drugs at neurotransmitter receptors while the development of new recording methods such as patch-clamp... 

As in previous chapters, to appreciate the use of chemical elements in a new structure, here the brain, the nature of its compartments must be described. The evolution of the brain from the nematode can be traced all the way up to man in its quickly changing construction. No doubt there are lots of possible different arrangements of the zones of the brain but even so a line of ascending organisation can be drawn over a few hundred million years (Fig. 9.4 and Table 9.3). Particular features not stressed so far are the mutual development of the brain nerve and glial cells in zones, the possible functions of the zones (Table 9.4), the position... 

Banerjee, B. and Chaudhurym, S. Thyroidal regulation of different isoforms of Na,K-ATPase in glial cells of developing rat brain. Life Sci. 69 2409-2417, 2001. 

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play critical roles in all facets of nervous system development and maintenance. Important phenomena in which CAMs are involved include initial formation of the neural tube and the neural crest, migration of all neurons and glial cells, axonal outgrowth and guidance, target selection, synaptic stabilization and plasticity, myelination and nerve regeneration after injury (see Chs 4,24,28-30 and 53). Adhesion molecules interact with each other and with nonadhesive cell-surface and/or cytoplasmic molecules, and, in the two... 

Glial cell development is critical to nervous system development 451... 

Individual neurons and glial cells are responsive to a number of different growth factors. Growth factors play both unique and overlapping roles in the development and sustenance of these cells. Perhaps the most dramatic example of this is the elaborate array of trophic factors that have evolved to support spinal motor neurons. There are presently at least 15 different factors that are known to influence the survival of these cells [4]. 

Rodents. Mice expressing wild-type and mutant human tau in nerve cells or glial cells have been found to develop numerous tau-immunoreactive cell bodies and processes. Abundant filaments made of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and neurodegeneration were present in some lines expressing single isoforms of mutant human tau protein [36, 37] (Fig. 45-8 and Fig. 45-9). Hyperphosphorylation of tau appeared to precede filament assembly and an... 

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