Developing agents tropical

These days, allelopathic plants as catch crops or trap crops found utilization in plant protection of tropical regions against parasitic weeds. They do not eliminate the parasite completely but decrease the seed bank in the soil. Other applications of allelopathy for weed control include the use of plant residues as a natural herbicide agent, e.g., water extracts, pellets, flours, by-products of crop processing, etc. The strategies for use of volatile compounds as soil fumigants are developed. 

The problems of diseases and pests will not be solved merely by a chemical formula that inhibits or destroys fungus spores in vitro. A pesticide ought to have the ability to remain on the plant surfaces long enough to prevent or destroy disease agents and to destroy disease vectors before they attack. This is difficult to achieve under the severe weather conditions of the tropical moist forest, the natural habitat of cacao, where the chemical deposited is in many cases washed away by heavy rain. The inherent tenacity of a fungicide could be improved by the addition of adhesives. An effective adhesive or an alternative for use in combination with fungicides or insecticides in the tropics has not yet been developed. 

Despite much research and development in parasitology in the tropical countries, parasitic infections are still a major health hazard for humans and animals. For example, it has been estimated that approximately three hundred million people in the world are affected by filariasis, a disease caused by nematodes filarioidea. While this is only one type of parasitic disease, it is clearly one of the most important concerns for public health in a large geographic region. In this review, I discuss an approach to control filariasis by the use of a new class of pharmacological agents, benzimidazoles. There are... 

Following the development of synthetic antimalarial agents, such as chloroquine and mefloquine, the use of Cinchona alkaloid quinine declined. However, with the emergence of chloroquine-resistant and multiple-drug-resistant strains of malarial parasites, its use has become firmly reestablished. Quinine is the drug of choice for severe chloroquine-resistant malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. In the U.S., the related alkaloid quinidine is recommended because of its wide availability and use as an antiarrhythmic agent. In many clinics in the tropics, quinine is the only effective treatment for severe malaria unfortunately, decreasing sensitivity of P. falciparum to quinine has already been reported from Southeast Asia. 

A connection between swampy areas and fever was made centuries ago, and the word malaria reflects the popular belief that the illness was caused by bad air (Italian, mol aria). During the sixteenth century, people discovered that the disease could be treated using quinine, a compound derived from the bark of the tropical Cinchona tree. No vaccine for malaria has yet been developed, although preliminary trials for an initial vaccine were scheduled to begin in malaria-endemic areas in late 2003. Currently, the synthetic agent chloroquine is the most widely used antimalarial drug it can clear nonre-sistant parasites from the blood in two to three days. 

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