Determinant of specificity

The determination of specific heats (159) has led to the conclusion that thiazole is associated intermoiecularly. The measurements can be carried out by adiabatic calorimetry (159) or by using the observed fundamental vibration frequencies and molecidar parameters (160, 161). 

Carbon dioxide cannot be recommended for routine determinations of specific surface on the other hand, it should be particularly suitable for the study of the polarity of surfaces in systems where chemisorption can be excluded from consideration. 

General conclusions determination of specific surface from adsorption isotherms... 

In writing the present book our aim has been to give a critical exposition of the use of adsorption data for the evaluation of the surface area and the pore size distribution of finely divided and porous solids. The major part of the book is devoted to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method for the determination of specific surface, and the use of the Kelvin equation for the calculation of pore size distribution but due attention has also been given to other well known methods for the estimation of surface area from adsorption measurements, viz. those based on adsorption from solution, on heat of immersion, on chemisorption, and on the application of the Gibbs adsorption equation to gaseous adsorption. 

Determination of Specific Gravity.—A simple method for determining the specific gravity of liquids is as follows I. pyknometer, or small glass bottle, is used of about 20 to 30 c.c. capacity, with narrow neck, upon which a mark is etched and which is closed by a ground glass stopper (Fig. 45). 

Electrochemical methods of testing involve the determination of specific properties of the electrical double layer formed when a metal is placed in contact with a solution see Section 20.1), and these can be summarised as follows. 

Hymenoptera venom is a prominent trigger of systemic reactions. Severe and fatal reactions have been described in patients with mastocytosis [9, 30, 31]. In few cases with urticaria pigmentosa and Hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis, no sensitization could be detected by means of skin tests and determination of specific IgE antibodies [32]. However, larger series found evidence that these systemic reactions are normally IgE-mediated insect sting allergies [7,33]. 

The p-lactams (penicillins and their derivatives) are the drugs which most frequently cause IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions. Diagnosis is based on skin tests. To date, the best vaUdated in vitro diagnostic methods are specific IgE and BAT. As for the determination of specific IgE using ImmimoCap (Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden), the sensitivity of the technique in the diagnosis of immediate reaction to (3-lactams with positive skin test ranges, according to the study, from 37 to 54% with a specificity of between 83 and 100% [23,24]. 

The determination of specific IgE constitutes an effective method in the diagnosis of latex allergy, with similar results between different commercial immimoassays with levels of sensitivity between 73 and 86% and a specificity of 97% [36,37],... 

Within 1 year of the reaction, between 70 and 90% of patients have specific IgE positive to venoms while only between 10 and 20% of people with a negative history have positive test results. The predictive value of skin tests and the determination of specific IgE is not high in that between 55 and 76% of people with positive specific IgE... 

To date, no studies have been published on the sensitivity and specificity of the determination of specific IgE against foods in series of patients experiencing anaphylaxis as a manifestation of their food allergy. However, in general it is assumed that the determination of specific IgE against animal foods offers better results than the determination of specific IgE against plant foods, both in terms of sensitivity and specificity. 

Characterization of a gas/liquid microreactor, the micro bubble column Determination of specific interfacial area, in Matlosz, M., Ehreeld, W., Baselt,... 

Table 2.6 summarises the main techniques and standards used for the determination of specific rubber components. ISO 9924-1 (2000) describes the use of TGA for the determination of the composition of butadiene, ethylene-propylene, butyl, isoprene and SBR rubbers. 

Uses of adsorption studies Determination of catalytically active surface area and elucidation of reaction kinetics Determination of specific surface areas and pore size distributions... 

The principle of ICP-AES is that atoms (or sometimes ions) are thermally excited, in a plasma torch, to higher energy levels, these atoms or ions then relax back to lower electronic energy levels by emitting radiation in the UV-visible region. The emitted radiation is detected and used to determine which elements are present, and their concentration. Analysis of organometallic and inorganic additives, based on the ICP-AES determination of specific metal ions, is routinely undertaken. 

SS). Data for the metals of group VIII and for rhenium in group VIIA are given in Fig. 1, which is divided into three fields separating the metals of the first, second, and third transition series. The specific activity is defined as the activity per unit surface area of metal. Metal surface areas required for the determination of specific activities are derived from measurements... 

Gerin M, Tardif R, Brodeur J. 1988. Determination of specific urinary thioethers derived from acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide. IARC Sci Pub 275-278. 

Spectrophotometric Assays for the Determination of Specific Phenolic Groups... 

All fire smoke is toxic. In the past two decades, a sizable research effort has resulted in the development of over twenty methods to measure the toxic potency of those fire smokes (6). Some methods have been based on determinations of specific chemical species alone. Values for the effect (e.g., lethality) of these chemicals on humans are obtained from (a) extrapolation from preexisting, lower concentration human exposure data or from (b) interpretation of autopsy data from accident and suicide victims. The uncertainty in these methods is large since ... 

Analytical methods may, to some extent, be available for the determination of specific components. Such methods are generally found in Standard Methods for the Evaluation of Water and Wastewater (1998). 

As pharmacological activity is intimately related to molecular configuration, hence determination of specific rotation of pharmaceutical substances offer a vital means of ensuring their optical purity. 

Determination of specific optical rotation of pharmaceutical substances... 

DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC OPTICAL ROTATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES... 

How would you carry out the determination of specific optical rotation of the following official compounds (f) Adrenaline, (ii) Betamethasone,... 

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