Detergents soapless

To overcome the problem of scum formation, soapless detergents have been developed. They do not produce a scum because they do not react with the substances in hard water. For further discussion of soapless detergents see Chapter 15, p. 239. 

Soapless detergents Substances which are more effective than soap at producing lathers, especially in hard water areas. They are large organic molecules, produced... 

Millions of tonnes of soaps and soapless detergents are manufactured worldwide every year. Soap is manufactured by heating natural fats and oils of either plants or animals with a strong alkali. These fats and oils, called triglycerides, are complicated ester molecules. 

In Chapter 11, p. 188, we discussed the way in which, in hard water areas, an insoluble scum forms when soap is used. This problem has been overcome by the development of synthetic soapless detergents. These new substances do not form scum with hard water since they do not react with Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in such water. Furthermore, these new soapless detergent molecules have been designed so that they are biodegradable. Bacteria readily break down these new molecules so that they do not persist in the environment. 

Soapless detergents are detergents that can be used more effectively than soap, particularly in hard water areas (see Chapter 11, p. 188). They are fairly cheap to make and are rapidly replacing soaps. 

These days, soapless detergents such as this are to be found in most washing powders and liquids. 

Soapless detergents Soap-like molecules which do not form a scum with hard water. These substances have been developed from petrochemicals. Their calcium and magnesium salts are water soluble and they are biodegradable. 

Compare soap and soapless detergents. Add soap solution dropwise with shaking to samples of hard and soft water. Repeat using a soapless detergent. 

Use Solubilizing agent, particularly for soapless shampoo compositions electroplating detergent. 

Lather cannot form until all the calcium or magnesium ions have been precipitated. Note that soapless detergents, which are an ingredient of many washing-up liquids and detergents, do not form a scum with hard water. 

Sodium -2-ethyl hexyls u If oacetate Formula C8Hi700CCH2S03Na Properties Light cream colored flakes sol. in water Precaution Combustible Uses Solubilizer esp. for soapless shampoos electroplating detergent... 

Most of it is used to make fertilisers such as ammonium sulphate. Some is used to make paint, soapless detergents, soap, dyes, and plastic. Some is used as battery add. In fact nearly every industry uses some sulphuric acid. (It is the cheapest acid to buy.)... 

Uses Foam stabilizer In soapless detergents emulsifier and lubricant In cosmetic creams/lotions/ointments, metalworking conditioner in shampoos corrosion Inhibitor for metalworking surfactant In hand dishwash, pot and pan cleaners, waterless hand cleaners, soak cleaners, carwash, etc. 

Uses Solubilizer esp. for soapless shampoos electroplating detergent Features Good foaming props. sol ns. pract. neutral and stable to mineral acids exc. resistance to hard water... 

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