Detergents, bleach and

Polyester fibers have exceUent resistance to soap, detergent, bleach, and other oxidiziag agents. PET fibers are generally iasoluble ia organic solvents, including cleaning fluids, but are soluble ia some phenoHc compounds, eg, (9-chlorophenol. 

Water-Soluble Films. Water-soluble films can be produced from such polymers as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), methylceUulose, poly(ethylene oxide), or starch (qv) (see Cellulose ethers Polyethers Vinyl polymers). Water-soluble films are used for packaging and dispensing portions of detergents, bleaches, and dyes. A principal market is disposable laundry bags for hospital use. Disposal packaging for herbicides and insecticides is an emerging use. 

Isocyanates (RNCO) are industrially relevant compounds which find application in several fields [9, 106]. Many isocyanates serve as the starting materials for the manufacture of plant protection agents, pesticides, dyes, resins and plastics, textile waterproofing agents, detergents, bleaches, and adhesives. They are also widely used in surface coatings such as paints, sealants and finishes, and in the manufacture of rubbery plastics such as those used to coat wires. Traditionally, diisocyanates are the primary feedstock for the production of polyurethanes. The global market for diisocyanates in the year 2000 was 4.4 million tonnes, of which 61.3% was methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), 34.1% was toluene diisocyanate... 

Dermal Irritation and Sensitization. There are tests for dermal irritation caused by topical application of chemicals. These fall into four general categories primary irritation, cutaneous sensitization, phototoxicity, and photosensitization. Because many foreign chemicals come into direct contact with the skin, including cosmetics, detergents, bleaches, and many others, these tests are considered essential to the proper regulation of such products. Less commonly, dermal effects may be caused by systemic toxicants. 

Uses Surfactant, emulsifer, defoamer, wetting agent, solubilizer, and conditioner in antiperspirants, depilatories, creams, lotions, pigment dispersions, shampoos, detergents, bleaches, and dyes... 

Uses Surfactant for antiperspirants, depilatories, creams/lotions, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals pigment dispersant emulsifier, defoamer, wetting agenL solubilizer, conditioner for shampoos, detergents, bleaches, and dyes Properties Wh. waxy solid bland char, odor insol. in water sp.gr. 1.0 b.p. > 212 F flash pt. (COC) > 300 F Toxicology Nontoxic, nonhazardous TSCA listed Environmental Biodeg. 

Uses Surfactant and emulsifier In creams/lotlons, bath oils, antiperspirants, depilatories and color cosmetics conditioner In shampoos, detergents, bleaches and dyes rinse aid In hair conditioning prods. solubilizer for perfume oils In cones, or bath prods. 

World production expressed as 100% H2O2 approached 1.9 million tonnes in 1994 of which half was in Europe and one-fifth in the USA. The earliest and still the largest industrial use for H2O2 is as a bleach for textiles, paper pulp, straw, leather, oils and fats, etc. Domestic use as a hair bleach and a mild disinfectant has diminished somewhat. Hydrogen peroxide is also extensively used to manufacture chemicals, notably sodium perborate (p. 206) and percarbonate, which are major constituents of most domestic detergents at least in the UK and Europe. Normal formulations include 15-25% of such peroxoacid salts, though the practice is much less widespread in the USA, and the concentrations, when included at all, are usually less than 10%. 

Borax is used in laundry detergents and bleaches. It releases hydrogen peroxide when it reacts with water. Hydrogen peroxide acts as a bleach, and its action is aided by the alkaline solution also produced by the reaction. 

Well-developed applications 19-21) of urea inclusion compounds have been in the areas of detergents, dewaxing and petroleum chemistry. Some recent novel advances include the use of the peroxydodecanoic acid-urea inclusion compound in a laundry bleach product60 and in the purification of insect pheromones61 62. ... 

Consumer products entail formulated products, such as soaps, detergents, bleaches, paints, solvents, glues, toothpaste, shampoos, cosmetics, skin care products, perfumes, and colognes intended for direct consumer use. 

The principal use of sodium carbonate peroxohydrate is as a bleaching agent in domestic and laundry detergents. It is used also for industrial textile-bleaching, tripe-bleaching, and in denture cleaners. It can also be used as a convenient oxidant in organic chemistry. 

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